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1、山西大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文改革與完善法院民事調(diào)解制度的思考姓名:王東申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別:碩士專業(yè):科學(xué)社會(huì)主義與國(guó)際共產(chǎn)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)指導(dǎo)教師:邸敏學(xué)20060601摘要長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),我國(guó)法院主要采用調(diào)解方式處理民事糾紛,并由此形成了頗具中國(guó)特色的法院調(diào)解制度。十一屆三中全會(huì)以后,我國(guó)對(duì)原有的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)體制進(jìn)行了以法制化、市場(chǎng)化為價(jià)值取向的改革,國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,人民生活的不斷改善,百姓私權(quán)利意識(shí)的覺(jué)醒,傳統(tǒng)的法院調(diào)解制度已經(jīng)日漸顯現(xiàn)出不適宜性。但在審判實(shí)務(wù)中,法官出于規(guī)避判決風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等實(shí)用主義闋素的考慮,依然熱衷于調(diào)解,并出現(xiàn)調(diào)解權(quán)被濫用的情況,形成特有的“調(diào)解主導(dǎo)型的審判方式”。本文正是以法院民事調(diào)解
2、作為研究對(duì)象,運(yùn)用實(shí)踐分析和理論研究的方法,從現(xiàn)行調(diào)解制度的弊端、成因以及如何改革完善調(diào)解制度等方面進(jìn)行了理論探討,在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了法院調(diào)解制度的改革模式:將調(diào)解程序從審判程序中分離出來(lái),實(shí)行調(diào)審分離,使調(diào)解程序在訴訟程序中具有獨(dú)立的地位,與審判程序并列為法院解決糾紛的方式;改革現(xiàn)行法官體制,設(shè)立調(diào)解法官,使調(diào)解者與審判者從原來(lái)的竟合身份向職責(zé)分離方向轉(zhuǎn)變,并輔之以可以貫穿于整個(gè)訴訟過(guò)程中的和解制度彌補(bǔ)傳統(tǒng)法院調(diào)解制度退出后的空間。改革與完善現(xiàn)行的法院調(diào)解制度,目的不是廢除它,而是重新調(diào)整訴訟中調(diào)解與判決的關(guān)系,將調(diào)解從審判中分離出來(lái),使調(diào)解法官和庭審法官各司其職。在充分發(fā)揮調(diào)解優(yōu)
3、勢(shì)的同時(shí),保持程序的正當(dāng)和司法的效率。筆者相信,隨著民事審判方式改革的全面深入,推行調(diào)審分離定能取得良好的法律效果和社會(huì)效果。關(guān)鍵詞:民事調(diào)解制度;調(diào)審合一:調(diào)審分離中圖分類號(hào):915.14改革1』完善法院民事調(diào)解制度的思考AbstractForyears,ChinesecoupshavebeenadoptingmediationtosettlecivilandcommercialdisputesandthusmediationsystemwithChinesecharacteristicshasbeenestablished.SincetheThirdSessionoftheEl
4、eventhCentralCommitteeoftheParty,Chinahasreformeditspoliticalandeconomicsystemstomakethemmorelaw—orientedandmarket-oriented,thusnationaleconomyhasbeendevelopingrapidlyandpeople’Slifehasbeengreatlyimproved,increasingawarenessofcivilrights,thetraditionalmediationsystemhasbecomeincreasinglyout—da
5、ted.However,inpractice,toavoidjudgingrisks,judgesarestillkeenonuseofmediation.AbuseofMediationrightisprettycommon.Thisarticlechasesintermediationincourtasaresearchobject.Thisarticlechasesintermediationincourtasaresearchobject.Afterrationalanalysisbasedonthecombinationofrelatedarticlesreadingan
6、dacquisitionfromwork,Idiscussonthedisadvantagesofexistingsystem,anditssourceandhowitfunctionsaftertheseparationofmediationandjudgment.Iputforwardthefollowingsuggestionsonthereformofthesystem:separatemediationprocedurefromjudgmentprocedure,makemediationprocedureindependentinlawsuitprocedure,mak
7、emediationprocedureoneofthedispute—settlingmethodslikejudgmentprocedure.EstablishmediationsystemReformexistingjudgesystem,establishmediationjudges,makearbitratorandjudgestaketheirownresponsibility,withtheassistanceofreconciliationsystem