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1、OnsimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenEnglish-ChineseandChinese-EnglishtranslationTheawarenessofmajordifferencebetweenChineseandEnglisharethebasisforsuccessfultranslationbetweenthem.Asaresultofit,weneedfirstmakecomparisonsandcontrastsbetweenthetwolanguages.?Themostimporta
2、ntdifferencebetweenthetwolanguagesliesinparataxisandhypotaxis.Chineselanguagetendstobeaparataxislanguage,thatis,connectivesbetweendifferentpartsofthesentenceorbetweenclausesarenotcompulsory.ChinesehasnorelativewordsandusesfewerconjunctionsthanEnglish,whileEnglishtendst
3、obeahypotaxislanguage,whichusesalotofcomplexsentencestructuresandrelationsbetweenclausesthatmustbeexpressedbyconjunctionsorotherrelievewords.Forexample,letusseeaChinesepassageanditsEnglishtranslation.1)今天晚上，很好的月光。（《狂人日記》）Themoonisextremelybrighttonight.2）午后便步行至鵲華橋，雇了一只
4、小船，蕩起雙槳。朝北不遠(yuǎn)，便到了歷下亭前。上岸進(jìn)去，入了大門(mén)，便是一個(gè)亭子，油漆已大半剝蝕完了。亭上還懸著一幅對(duì)聯(lián)，寫(xiě)的是：“歷下此古亭，濟(jì)南名士多?！保ā独蠚堄斡洝罚〢fterlunchhewalkedtothesparrowFlowerBridge,wherehehiresasmallboatandpaddledalongtowardsthenorth.SoonhereachedtheLiXiapavilion.Thenhesteppedashoreandwentin,andwhenheenteredthegatehesawan
5、otherpavilion,thepaintoffwhichwaspracticallyallwornoff,andonitsfrontcolumnsweretwoscrollswiththefollowingwords:“Thepavilionisancientashistory;Jinanisfullofscholars.’’?Englishsentenceshavecomparatively“complete’’structure.Incontrast,manyChinesesentencesseemtobelooseinst
6、ructure;manyseemtobe“incomplete”.Chineseisatypicalanalyticallanguage,ofwhichgrammaticalmeaningsareexpressedmostlythroughlexicalmeansandwordorder,andthatiswhyChineseisalsocalledanisolatinglanguage.Therelationbetweendifferentpartsofaclauseorbetweenclausesisalsoveryloosei
7、nChinese,whichisoftencomparedas“flowingwater”.WangLi（王力）onceremarkedthatEnglishisalanguageof“ruleoflaw”(meaningithasstrictgrammarrules)whileChineseisalanguageof“ruleofman”（peoplecanexpresstheirideasmorefreelyaslongastheycanunderstandeachotherinanagreedway）.Forexample,n
8、omatterhowcomplicatedtheymaylook,Englishsentencescanbesummeduptobeofthreebasicsentencepattern.1）“S＋P（intransitiveverb
