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1、大連理工大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文摘要科學(xué)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步和發(fā)展,對(duì)現(xiàn)代材料提出了更為苛刻的要求。近年來,泡沫炭作為一種新型炭材料由于耐高溫、耐腐蝕、密度小、抗氧化、較好的機(jī)械強(qiáng)度、隔熱性能好等優(yōu)良性能,引起國內(nèi)外學(xué)者的廣泛關(guān)注。本文圍繞中間相瀝青基泡沫炭的制備及性能進(jìn)行研究。內(nèi)容包括研究中間相瀝青基泡沫炭的制備和性能,探討不同工藝條件對(duì)孔泡結(jié)構(gòu)性能的影響。結(jié)合瀝青的性質(zhì)、實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象和各種表征手段獲得的信息對(duì)泡沫炭的發(fā)泡機(jī)理進(jìn)行了初步討論,并對(duì)制備瀝青基泡沫炭的原料提出了選擇依據(jù)。實(shí)驗(yàn)中采用三種方法制備泡沫炭,即:自發(fā)泡法、發(fā)泡劑(淀粉)輔助發(fā)泡法及改質(zhì)中間相瀝青(添加Fe('N03)3)
2、發(fā)泡法。采用掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)、X射線衍射(XRD)、熱重分析(TG)以及紅外光譜(瓜)等手段進(jìn)行分析。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:瀝毒質(zhì)、甲苯不溶物、飽和分、芳香分和膠質(zhì)的含量是選擇適宜原料制備泡沫炭的一個(gè)重要依據(jù);在高壓反應(yīng)釜中,以中間相瀝青為原料,采用本實(shí)驗(yàn)方法制備出孔泡數(shù)量多、孔壁薄的泡沫炭是可行的;發(fā)泡劑(淀粉)和添加劑(硝酸鐵)有助于改善泡沫炭的結(jié)構(gòu)性能,使得泡沫炭的孔泡數(shù)量變多、孔徑變小;磷酸鹽處理過的泡沫炭增強(qiáng)了它的抗氧化性能,提高了在空氣中的使用溫度。關(guān)鍵詞:中間相瀝青;制備;泡沫炭;孔泡結(jié)構(gòu):抗氧化性中間相瀝青基泡沫炭的肯B備及性能研究Thepreparati
3、onandpropertiesofmesophasepitch·basedcarbonfoamAbstractW曲thedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,materialswithhighperformancearerequired..Recently.calbonfoamsbecomeattractiveformanyaerospaceandindustrialapplications,duetotheirhighthermalconductivity,lowthermalexpansioncoefficient,lowdensity,
4、openporosityandchemicalresistanceInthispaperthepreparationandpropertiesofcarbonfoamsfrommesophasepitchaleaddressed.Threemethodsforpreparationofcarbonfoamsareadoptedinthispaper,i.epitchself-foamingprocess;starch-assistedfoamingprocessandmesophasepitchfoamingprocessmodifiedbyFe(N03)3.Ithasb
5、eenfoundthatthecellstructureofcarbonfoamspreparedwiththepitchself-foamingprocessandthemesophasepitchfo枷ngprocessmodifiedbyFefN03bismoreideal,thanthoseobtainedusingthestarch-assistedfoamingprocess.Onbasisoftheexperimentalresults,theinfluenceofprocessparameters013cellstructureofcarbonfoamsi
6、sdiSCUSSed.Theproductsarecharacterizedusingscanningdectronmicroscopy(SEre0,thermalgravity(TG),X-raydiffractiontechnique(Ⅺm),andIRspectroscopy.Atthesametime,NOxanalyzerisusedforanalyzingthedecompositionbehaviorofFe(N03)3mixedwithandwithoutmesophasepitch.Theresuksalsoshowthatmesophasepkchwi
7、t}1asuitablecompositionisagoodprecursorformakingcarbonfoamsItispossibletopreparecarbonfoamswithhighperformanceandlowcostusingthemethodsadoptedinthispaper.Comparedwiththepitchself-foamingprocess,thestarch-assistedfoamingprocessandthemesophasepitchfoamingprocessmodifi