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1、北京交通大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文帶回程取貨的逆向物流車輛路徑問(wèn)題研究姓名：程文科申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別：碩士專業(yè)：交通運(yùn)輸規(guī)劃與管理指導(dǎo)教師：胡天軍20071201』E立交適厶堂亟±堂位迨塞主塞垣鍪中文摘要摘要：隨著世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和科技的進(jìn)步，物流產(chǎn)業(yè)正在世界范圍內(nèi)迅速發(fā)展，即使是長(zhǎng)期受到學(xué)術(shù)界和企業(yè)界忽視的逆向物流也隨著可持續(xù)發(fā)展理念的深入人心而成為社會(huì)同益關(guān)注的話題。然而在我國(guó)逆向物流的研究還處于初級(jí)階段，尤其是關(guān)于帶回程取貨的逆向物流車輛路徑問(wèn)題(VehicleRoutingProblemswithBackhauls，VRPB)的研究遠(yuǎn)未成熟。VRPB問(wèn)題是車輛路徑問(wèn)題(VehicleRou
2、tingProblems，VRP)的延伸。VRPB問(wèn)題不像VRP問(wèn)題那樣只考慮車輛運(yùn)行中的單純送貨或者單純?nèi)∝涍^(guò)程，而是將送貨與取貨過(guò)程結(jié)合起來(lái)，同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)送貨和取貨，更加節(jié)省運(yùn)輸成本。如何在逆向物流中經(jīng)濟(jì)合適地安排車輛的配送路徑成為物流管理者面臨的一個(gè)重要的問(wèn)題決策。本文首先介紹了逆向物流的內(nèi)涵，通過(guò)對(duì)逆向物流和正向物流車輛路徑問(wèn)題進(jìn)行比較，指出了逆向物流車輛路徑問(wèn)題的特點(diǎn)。在此基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)對(duì)比，指出本文研究的取送交叉VRPB問(wèn)題和取送無(wú)交叉VRPB問(wèn)題的區(qū)別在于放松了取貨客戶必須在送貨客戶之后的約束，然后建立無(wú)時(shí)問(wèn)窗VRPB問(wèn)題模型及相關(guān)約束。通過(guò)對(duì)不同算法的比較，最終選擇改進(jìn)
3、遺傳算法并進(jìn)行具體的算法設(shè)計(jì)，最后以算例進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。本文還針對(duì)物流行業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀，在VRPB問(wèn)題上增加了節(jié)點(diǎn)的服務(wù)時(shí)間窗限制，建立了帶時(shí)間窗VRPB問(wèn)題(VehicleRoutingProblemswithBackhaulsandTimeWindows，VRPBTW)模型及相關(guān)約束并使用最大一最小蟻群算法進(jìn)行了具體的算法設(shè)計(jì)。最后通過(guò)對(duì)示例求得的結(jié)果比較，結(jié)果，從而在實(shí)際中更加節(jié)省運(yùn)輸成本，采用本文設(shè)計(jì)的算法所求結(jié)果優(yōu)于文獻(xiàn)實(shí)現(xiàn)了VRPBTW問(wèn)題的優(yōu)化。關(guān)鍵詞：逆向物流；帶回程取貨車輛路徑問(wèn)題；時(shí)間窗；最大．最小蟻群算法分類號(hào)：0232』E塞窯垣厶堂亟±堂位監(jiān)塞△旦S衛(wèi)墜￡!ABST
4、RACTABSTRACT：Withtherapiddevelopmentoftheworldeconomyandmodemtechnology,logisticsindustryisgrowingquicklyallovertheworld．Thereverselogisticswhichhasbeenignoredbyacademiaandbusinesscircleforalongtimeisgraduallybeingpaidattentiontobecauseoftheimplementinggraduallythoroughlyofsustainabledevelopm
5、entstrategy．Inourcountrytheresearchesofthereverselogistics，particularintheVehicleRoutingProblemswithBackhauls(VRPB)isatthethresholdcomparedwithforeignresearchresults．VRPBistheextensionoftheVehicleRoutingProblems(VRP)whichselvesonlyeitherlinehaulcustomersorbackhaulcustomers．VRPBcanservebothlin
6、ehaulcustomersandbackhaulcustomersbyafleetofvehiclesSOthatitcanreducethecostofthetransportation．Howtoarrangeproperroutetocutthecostoflogisticsoperationsisakeyproblemthatevery109isticsmanagerhastoface．Firstly，thepaperintroducesthedefinitionofthereverse109istics，pointsthecharacteristicoftheVRPi
7、nthereverselogisticsthroughthecomparisonoftheVRPinthelogisticsandthereverselogistics．Onthebasisofthis，pointsthattheVRPBwhichisusedinthispaperdoesn’thavetherestrictionthatallbackhaulshavetobevisitedaftera11linehaulsastheVI沖Bwhichalllinehaulsan
