[Physical review letters]Raman Spectrum of Graphene and Graphene Layers.pdf

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1、PHYSICALREVIEWLETTERSweekendingPRL97,187401(2006)3NOVEMBER2006RamanSpectrumofGrapheneandGrapheneLayersA.C.Ferrari,1,*J.C.Meyer,2V.Scardaci,1C.Casiraghi,1M.Lazzeri,3F.Mauri,3S.Piscanec,1D.Jiang,4424K.S.Novoselov,S.Roth,andA.K.Geim1CambridgeUniversity,EngineeringDepartment,JJThompsonAvenue,

2、CambridgeCB30FA,UnitedKingdom2MaxPlanckInstituteforSolidStateResearch,Stuttgart70569,Germany3IMPMC,Universite′sParis6et7,CNRS,IPGP,140ruedeLourmel,75015Paris,France4DepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy,UniversityofManchester,Manchester,M139PL,UnitedKingdom(Received9June2006;published30October2

3、006)Grapheneisthetwo-dimensionalbuildingblockforcarbonallotropesofeveryotherdimensionality.WeshowthatitselectronicstructureiscapturedinitsRamanspectrumthatclearlyevolveswiththenumberoflayers.TheDpeaksecondorderchangesinshape,width,andpositionforanincreasingnumberoflayers,re?ectingthechang

4、eintheelectronbandsviaadoubleresonantRamanprocess.TheGpeakslightlydown-shifts.Thisallowsunambiguous,high-throughput,nondestructiveidenti?cationofgraphenelayers,whichiscriticallylackinginthisemergingresearcharea.DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.187401PACSnumbers:78.67.Bf,63.20.Dj,63.20.Kr,78.30.

5、
jThecurrentinterestingraphenecanbeattributedto[1,4]),inpractice,itisonlypossibletodistinguishbetweenthreemainreasons.First,itselectrontransportisdescribedoneandtwolayersbyAFMif?lmscontainfoldsorbytheDiracequationandthisallowsaccesstoquantumwrinkles[1,4].Thisposesamajorlimitationtotherang

6、eelectrodynamicsinasimplecondensedmatterexperimentofsubstratesandisasetbackforthewidespreadutilization[1–5].Second,thescalabilityofgraphenedevicestonano-ofthismaterial.Here,weshowthatgraphene’selectronicdimensions[6–10]makesitapromisingcandidateforstructureisuniquelycapturedinitsRamanspec

7、trum.applications,becauseofitsballistictransportatroomRaman?ngerprintsforsinglelayers,bilayers,andfewtemperaturecombinedwithchemicalandmechanicallayersre?ectchangesintheelectronbandsandallowstability.Remarkablepropertiesextendtobilayerandunambiguous,high-throughput,