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1、--------------------------------------------精品文檔Word可編輯值得收藏------------------------------------------------LanguageStandards：AnInternationalPerspective，PartLanguageStandards：AnInternationalPerspective，Part2byPennyMcKay,PaoloCoppari,AlisterCumming,KathleenGraves,LucillaLopriore,andDebo
2、rahShortEditor’snote:Part1ofthisdiscussionintroducedstandards,thereasonsfortheirdevelopment,andthewaytheyaredeveloped,basedontheexperienceofthefivecolloquiumpresentersfromdifferentpartsoftheworld.Part2inthisissuelooksatthesuccessesandchallengesinimplementingstandardsandassessingtheiri
3、mpact.WhenweconsideredinPart1thepurposesfor,andwaysinwhich,ourfourlanguagestandards(AustralianESLbandscales,OntarioCurriculum,Europeanframework,U.S.ESLstandards)wereconstructed,wereflectedonthefactthattheconstructionofthestandardsvarieddependingontheirpurpose(pedagogicaloradministrati
4、ve)aswellasotherfactors.Whenweconsidertheimplementationofthesamestandards,wefinddifferencesindisseminationandimplementationrelatedtoacommitmenttotheireffectiveimplementation.Afundamentaltheme9----------------------------------------------------精品文檔值得收藏---------------------------------
5、----------------------------------------------------------------------精品文檔Word可編輯值得收藏------------------------------------------------inPart2isthatthereisanurgentneedformoreresearchintothewaysteachersreacttoandusestandardsintheirclassrooms.Withoutanyindicationsofwhetherstandardsaffectl
6、anguageeducationpositively,thereislittleempiricalbasisonwhichtoarguefortheirvaluesorbenefits.HowDoSchoolsandTeachersLearnAboutStandards?Incaseswherestandardsaredevelopedoradoptedbyaneducationsystem,andwherethesystemiscommittedtodissemination,teachersandschoolslearnaboutthestandardsthr
7、oughtheformaleducationchannelsandin-serviceprojects.AnexampleistheItalianMinistryofEducation’sProgettoLingue2000project(seehttp://www.istruzione.it/argomenti/autonomia/documenti/lc195_00.htm),whichofferslocalseminarsforteachersanddedicatedWebpagesontheeducationsystem’sWebsite.Theeduca
8、tions
