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1、密封條輪廓激光視覺在線檢測系統(tǒng)On-LineLaser-VisionSystemforMeasurementofSealingStrip’sSectionProfile學(xué)科專業(yè):儀器科學(xué)與技術(shù)研究生:馬旭指導(dǎo)教師:何明霞教授天津大學(xué)精密儀器與光電子工程學(xué)院二零一五年十二月摘要密封條對汽車性能的提升與保障有著不可或缺的作用,密封條輪廓在線檢測一直是工業(yè)界和學(xué)術(shù)界的難點(diǎn)和熱門課題。本文基于線結(jié)構(gòu)光三維測量原理,提出了密封條360°截面輪廓在線檢測方案,設(shè)計(jì)了測量系統(tǒng),進(jìn)行了關(guān)鍵技術(shù)理論的研究。依據(jù)項(xiàng)目整體方案,
2、結(jié)合工業(yè)現(xiàn)場環(huán)境和項(xiàng)目精度要求進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)相機(jī)、激光器等硬件選型,同時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)了系統(tǒng)的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)框架,組建并調(diào)試了系統(tǒng)樣機(jī)。本文所設(shè)計(jì)的測量系統(tǒng)采用四套線結(jié)構(gòu)光傳感器對被測密封條進(jìn)行截面輪廓測量,可以得到被測密封條的完整截面輪廓。為實(shí)現(xiàn)四套傳感器的標(biāo)定,本文提出了一種可應(yīng)用于現(xiàn)場的、快速全局統(tǒng)一校準(zhǔn)方法,并設(shè)計(jì)了對應(yīng)的新型“鋸齒型”立體靶標(biāo),在實(shí)現(xiàn)四套傳感器參數(shù)標(biāo)定的同時(shí),還能夠?qū)崟r(shí)四套傳感器測量坐標(biāo)系的統(tǒng)一。標(biāo)定方法簡單易操作,能夠適用于工業(yè)現(xiàn)場。針對四套傳感器測量所得到的初始數(shù)據(jù),本文提出了一種對輪廓二維數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)
3、行篩選和融合的方法,使用該方法對相鄰傳感器的測量數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理,最終得到較為理想的密封條截面輪廓數(shù)據(jù)。設(shè)計(jì)并進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)標(biāo)定及系統(tǒng)準(zhǔn)確度驗(yàn)證實(shí)驗(yàn),根據(jù)傳感器視場范圍,選擇不同規(guī)格的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)量塊進(jìn)行輪廓測量,驗(yàn)證了系統(tǒng)精度。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明系統(tǒng)在一定測量范圍內(nèi)能實(shí)時(shí)獲取密封條截面全周輪廓,系統(tǒng)測量誤差小于0.2mm,且系統(tǒng)測量的穩(wěn)定性較好。關(guān)鍵詞:結(jié)構(gòu)光傳感器;立體靶標(biāo);傳感器標(biāo)定;全局統(tǒng)一;密封條ABSTRACTAutomotivesealingstriphasanindispensibleeffectonthepro
4、motionandsecurityofautomobileperformance.Measurementofsealingstrip’ssectionprofileisadifficultandhottopicinindustryandacademia.Thispaperproposesameasurementschemeforthemeasurementofautomotivesealingstrip’s360°sectionprofilebasedontheprincipleoflaser3Dvisio
5、nmeasurement.Andmeasurementsystemhasbeendesignedinthispaper.Alsorelatedresearchhasbeendoneonkeytechnology.Accordingtothewholescheme,differentkindsofhardwarelikecameras,lasersandsoon,arepurchasedsuitableforthesiteenvironmentandtheaccuracyrequirementsofthepr
6、oject.Thesystemhasbeenbuiltinthelabafterthemechanicalstructuredesign.Themeasurementsystemobtainsthewholesectionprofilebyusingfourstructured-lightsensors.Accordingtothefoursensors,thispaperproposesafastfieldunifiedcalibrationmethodanddesignsanewly“zigzag”3D
7、calibrationtargetcorrespondingly.Thesystemcanaccomplishthecalibrationofthefoursensorsatthesametimeandunifymeasurementcoordinatesystembyusinggeometricalrelationshipofthe3Dtarget.Thecalibrationmethodissimpleandeasytooperate,whichisverysuitableforfieldapplica
8、tion.Thispaperputsforwardamethodtoprocessthe2Ddataofthesectionprofilewhichismeasuredseparatelybyfoursensorsandgetmoreidealtwo-dimensionalcoordinatesofthegasketssectionfinally.Calibrationexperimentandaccuracye