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1、大連海事大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文三維點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)配準(zhǔn)技術(shù)研究姓名:黃行森申請學(xué)位級別:碩士專業(yè):控制理論與控制工程指導(dǎo)教師:馬孜20100601中文摘要摘要三維激光測量的發(fā)展為實物的數(shù)字化提供更多的方法。由此也產(chǎn)生了對來自不同測量儀器在不同的視覺角度測定的數(shù)據(jù)匹配的問題。在新興的數(shù)字化維修再制造領(lǐng)域,將實測的數(shù)據(jù)與原始的設(shè)計模型進(jìn)行比對是不可缺少的技術(shù)環(huán)節(jié)。三維數(shù)據(jù)配準(zhǔn)技術(shù)為解決這些問題提供了有效途徑。本文對三維數(shù)據(jù)配準(zhǔn)技術(shù)進(jìn)行深入研究,主要研究內(nèi)容及研究成果如下:首先對數(shù)據(jù)配準(zhǔn)中原始數(shù)據(jù)可能存在噪聲,采取八叉樹結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行去噪,在去除噪聲
2、的同時,建立良好的數(shù)據(jù)搜索結(jié)構(gòu)。并且為了簡化后期的配準(zhǔn)過程,基于離散點(diǎn)特征信息對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行簡化。同時為了改進(jìn)初始狀態(tài)不佳時對配準(zhǔn)的收斂的影響,采用主成分分析法對點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行旋轉(zhuǎn)規(guī)一化。然后針對最近迭代算法存在對應(yīng)點(diǎn)選取的問題,借鑒幾何哈希配準(zhǔn)法和擴(kuò)展高斯球法,提出了基于特征信息分段求重心的方法,以此有效減少在尋找對應(yīng)點(diǎn)對過程中消耗的時間。而對于數(shù)據(jù)配準(zhǔn)中初始旋轉(zhuǎn)矩陣不易確定的情況,結(jié)合遺傳算法的概率搜索獲取初始旋轉(zhuǎn)矩陣,再用最近迭代法進(jìn)行精配準(zhǔn),二者結(jié)合改善了配準(zhǔn)的效率和精度。最后將配準(zhǔn)算法應(yīng)用于破損修復(fù)系統(tǒng)中,對破損工件進(jìn)行
3、掃描獲取點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù),將數(shù)據(jù)與設(shè)計的模型進(jìn)行匹配對比,基于配準(zhǔn)的結(jié)果提取破損數(shù)據(jù),為后期的機(jī)器人快速修復(fù)路徑規(guī)劃提供基礎(chǔ)。關(guān)鍵詞:旋轉(zhuǎn)規(guī)一化;三維數(shù)據(jù)配準(zhǔn);點(diǎn)云信息分類;遺傳算法英文摘要ABSTRACTWiththedevelopmentoflasermeasurementtechnology,morechoicesfor3DsurfacedigitalizingareprovidedSOthatregistrationofdatatechnology,whichalefromdifferentmeasurementequipm
4、entsandviews,isplayingmoreandmoreimportantrole.Indevelopingdigitalremanufacturingandrepairingfields,itisanimportanttechnologyparttocomparethedatabetweendesignedmodelandmeasuredmodel.Therefore,registrationtechnologyisstudiedandsomeresultsareobtainedasfollows:Firstly
5、,consideringthenoisedataintheoriginalscanneddata,octreedatastructureisusedtoremovethenoisedataandensuretheaccuracyoffollowingworks.Meanwhile,.inordertOsimplifyandimprovetheefficiencyofregistration,featureinformationofsurfaceisutilized.Astheoriginalpositionofpointcl
6、oudmaycausetheunconvergenceofregistration,aspecialrotationbasedonprimarycomponentanalysisiscalculatedtOregulatetheoriginalposition.Secondly,thekeywaytoimproveICPalgorithmistoadvancetheefficiencyofsearchingthecorrespondingpointsindifferentdatasets.BasedonHashgeometr
7、ic,Gaussiansphereregisteringalgorithms,geneticalgorithmanditerativeapproach,anovelregistrationalgorithm,whichgravityiscalculatedinsections,ispresentedSOthattheefficiencyofsearchingthecorrespondingpointsandaccuracyaleimproved.ForGeneticAlgorithmhasagoodperformonprob
8、abilitysearchandoptimization,itisemployedtogainabetterinitialrotationmatrixforiterativeregistration.Finally,toprovidedatabaseforrobotpathplanning