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1、《經(jīng)濟學家》讀譯參考(27):最友善的砍伐--熱帶森林管理與經(jīng)營TEXT27Thekindestcut最友善的砍伐(陳繼龍編譯)May25th2006FromTheEconomistprinteditionDEPRESSINGreportsabouthowquicklytheworld'stropicalforestsarebeingf________①arecommonplace.Butdepressingreportsaboutthestateofthetreesthatarestillstandingaremuchrarer.Infact,ane
2、wstudyfromtheInternationalTropicalTimberOrganisation(ITTO),anoffshootoftheUnitedNations,claimstobethefirstexhaustivesurveyoftropical-forestmanagementeverundertaken.(1)Itsfindings,althoughgrim,docontainakernel[1]ofhope.■點擊查看答案■有關全球熱帶森林遭到亂砍濫伐、令人痛心的報道極為常見,但是痛陳現(xiàn)存林木狀況的報道卻少之又少。事實上,聯(lián)合國
3、分支機構——國際熱帶木材組織(ITTO)新近開展的一項研究,據(jù)稱是首次對熱帶森林管理現(xiàn)狀進行深入調查。其發(fā)現(xiàn)雖然令人沮喪,但從中我們還是看到了一線希望。TheITTOexamined“permanentforestestate”,meaninglandthatthegovernmentsofits33membershaveformallysetasideforforests,andisthereforesubjecttosomeformofregulationorprotection.Thecategoryincludesbothnationalpar
4、ksandtimberconcessions,inbothpublicandp________②hands.Itcovers814mhectares,andaccountsforroughlytwo-thirdsoftheworld'stropicalforests.■點擊查看答案■ITTO調查的對象是“永久性森林地產(chǎn)”,也就是被ITTO所屬33個成員國政府正式劃作森林地域,從而受到某種形式的管理或保護的土地。它涉及國家森林公園和木材的特許經(jīng)營,包括國營和私營。地產(chǎn)總面積達8.14億公頃,約占全球熱帶森林面積的三分之二。Theconceptisimpo
5、rtant,explainsDuncanPoore,oneoftheauthorsofthereport,becauseitisnotalwayspossible,ordesirable,toprotecteverylastgroveagainstencroaching[2]farmsorhomes.Instead,governmentsshouldc__________③onmaintainingtheforeststhatarethemostcommerciallyandscientificallyvaluable.YettheITTO'srese
6、archersfoundthatonly15%ofthepermanentforestestatehasamanagementplan,andlessthan5%ofitissustainablymanaged.ThatstillamountstoanareathesizeofGermany,thereportnotes,andrepresentsadramaticimprovementsince1988,whenanearlierandlessextensivesurveyfoundthatonlyonecountryinthetropics—Tri
7、nidadandTobago—hadanywell-runforestsatall.But(2)relativetotheareaofforestthathasdisappearedoverthesameperiod,thewell-managedareaisnegligible.■點擊查看答案■此項研究報告的作者之一鄧肯?玻爾解釋說,這一概念意義重大,因為我們不可能,也不值得對每一片瀕臨消失的小樹林都一直進行保護以避免其被農(nóng)田或住宅侵占。相反,政府應當集中精力養(yǎng)護好那些最具有商業(yè)和科學價值的森林??墒荌TTO的研究人員卻發(fā)現(xiàn),在“永久性森林地產(chǎn)”中,
8、僅15%有著相應的管理方案,而能堅持貫徹執(zhí)行這一方案的只有5%。報告中提到,整個地產(chǎn)所涵蓋的區(qū)