最友善的砍伐--熱帶森林管理與經(jīng)營(yíng)

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1、（27）：最友善的砍伐--熱帶森林管理與經(jīng)營(yíng)滬江英語(yǔ)

2、chenjilong上一期??下一期TEXT27Thekindestcut最友善的砍伐（陳繼龍編譯）May25th2006FromTheEconomistprinteditionDEPRESSINGreportsabouthowquicklytheworld'stropicalforestsarebeingf________①arecommonplace.Butdepressingreportsaboutthestateofthetreesthatarestillstandingaremuchrarer.In

3、fact,anewstudyfromtheInternationalTropicalTimberOrganisation(ITTO),anoffshootoftheUnitedNations,claimstobethefirstexhaustivesurveyoftropical-forestmanagementeverundertaken.（1）Itsfindings,althoughgrim,docontainakernel[1]ofhope.有關(guān)全球熱帶森林遭到亂砍濫伐、令人痛心的報(bào)道極為常見(jiàn)，但是痛陳現(xiàn)存林木狀況的報(bào)道卻少之又少。事實(shí)上，聯(lián)合國(guó)分支機(jī)構(gòu)—

4、—國(guó)際熱帶木材組織（ITTO）新近開(kāi)展的一項(xiàng)研究，據(jù)稱是首次對(duì)熱帶森林管理現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行深入調(diào)查。其發(fā)現(xiàn)雖然令人沮喪，但從中我們還是看到了一線希望。TheITTOexamined“permanentforestestate”,meaninglandthatthegovernmentsofits33membershaveformallysetasideforforests,andisthereforesubjecttosomeformofregulationorprotection.Thecategoryincludesbothnationalparksandtimbe

5、rconcessions,inbothpublicandp________②hands.Itcovers814mhectares,andaccountsforroughlytwo-thirdsoftheworld'stropicalforests.ITTO調(diào)查的對(duì)象是“永久性森林地產(chǎn)”，也就是被ITTO所屬33個(gè)成員國(guó)政府正式劃作森林地域，從而受到某種形式的管理或保護(hù)的土地。它涉及國(guó)家森林公園和木材的特許經(jīng)營(yíng)，包括國(guó)營(yíng)和私營(yíng)。地產(chǎn)總面積達(dá)8.14億公頃，約占全球熱帶森林面積的三分之二。Theconceptisimportant,explainsDuncanPoo

6、re,oneoftheauthorsofthereport,becauseitisnotalwayspossible,ordesirable,toprotecteverylastgroveagainstencroaching[2]farmsorhomes.Instead,governmentsshouldc__________③onmaintainingtheforeststhatarethemostcommerciallyandscientificallyvaluable.YettheITTO'sresearchersfoundthatonly15%ofthe

7、permanentforestestatehasamanagementplan,andlessthan5%ofitissustainablymanaged.ThatstillamountstoanareathesizeofGermany,thereportnotes,andrepresentsadramaticimprovementsince1988,whenanearlierandlessextensivesurveyfoundthatonlyonecountryinthetropics—TrinidadandTobago—hadanywell-runfore

8、stsatall.But（2）relativetotheareaofforestthathasdisappearedoverthesameperiod,thewell-managedareaisnegligible.此項(xiàng)研究報(bào)告的作者之一鄧肯?玻爾解釋說(shuō)，這一概念意義重大，因?yàn)槲覀儾豢赡?，也不值得?duì)每一片瀕臨消失的小樹(shù)林都一直進(jìn)行保護(hù)以避免其被農(nóng)田或住宅侵占。相反，政府應(yīng)當(dāng)集中精力養(yǎng)護(hù)好那些最具有商業(yè)和科學(xué)價(jià)值的森林?？墒荌TTO的研究人員卻發(fā)現(xiàn)，在“永久性森林地產(chǎn)”中，僅15％有著相應(yīng)的管理方案，而能堅(jiān)持貫徹執(zhí)行這一方案的只有5％。報(bào)告中提到，整個(gè)地產(chǎn)所涵蓋的

9、區(qū)域相當(dāng)于一個(gè)德國(guó)的大小