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1、04?ContrastivestudybetweenEnglishandChineseUnitwords04.漢語量詞與英語特殊量詞的比較LUnitwordsinChineseUnitwordsinChineseisusedbetweenwordsofnumberandnoun,indicatingunitofthings.TherearetwocategoriesofunitwordssinChinese:1.indicatingpersonorthings(物量詞);2.indicatingactionorbehavior?(
2、動(dòng)量詞)1.Threecategoriesofunitwordsindicatingpersonorthings(三類物量詞)(1)length,volume,andweight;weightsandmeasures(表度量衡的單位),如"尺、里、噸”等。(2)Ordinaryunitwords(一般量詞),suchas"個(gè)、只、本、間"etc.⑶Featureorstateofthingsasunitwords(以事物特征、狀態(tài)來衡量的量詞)suchas“頭、口、杯、發(fā)、條%tc.2.Twocategoriesofunitwor
3、dsindicatingactionorbehavior(兩類動(dòng)量詞):(1)Specialunitwordsindicatingactionorbehavior(專用動(dòng)量詞),suchas"次、遍、番、陣、頓"etc.(2)BorrowedunitwordsindicatingactionorbehaviorUS1用動(dòng)量i司),namely,nounsrelatingtoactionsorbehaviorareusedasunitwords(借用與動(dòng)作有關(guān)的名詞),suchas“刀%砍一刀),“筆氣寫一筆),“星期"(討論一星期
4、)等。3.Structureofunitwords:quantifier+unitwords(數(shù)量纟吉構(gòu)),E.g.三斤肉,一頭牛,一杯咖啡,一山樹,一屋人,一架書,五匹布,兩桶水,一塊煤,一粒米,一劑藥,兩行樹,一朵花,一線希望,四排房子,三堆雞蛋漢語偶爾也有不用量詞的,這不過在古漢語中出現(xiàn)。如:臥室里是i桌i凳一床,床板只有兩塊。(《朝花夕拾.瑣記》)撤屏視之,一人,一桌,一椅,一扇,一撫尺而已。(《口技》)Exceptions:(1)Insomeidioms,thereareonlyquantifiersbutnounitw
5、ords,suchas:千言萬語,九牛一毛,三人一組,七上八下,三頭六臂,一心一意,三言兩語,七嘴八舌,一草一木,一磚一瓦.(2)Nounsofadministrativezoneshaveonlyquantifiersbutnounitwords,suchas:三省,五市,兩縣。ILUnitwordsinEnglish1.Quantifier/indefinitearticle+noun(pluralorsingle),suchas:A(one)book一本書threeWorkers三彳、工人fourrifles四枝槍sixca
6、rs六輛汽車fivetractors五部拖拉機(jī)sevenlatheseightlampstenhouses七臺(tái)車床八盞燈十棟房屋apacketofcigarettesacompanyofsoldierstwogroupsofchildrenateamofhorsesthreeheapsofeggsfourblocksofhouses一包紙煙一連士兵兩群小孩一隊(duì)馬三堆雞蛋四排房子1.Quantifier/indefinitearticle+noun(asunitwords)+of+noun(pluralorsingle),sucha
7、s:(1)Quantifier/indefinitearticle+noun(featureorstateofthings)+of+noun(pluralorsingle)(以事物特征、狀態(tài)來衡量的“量詞",suchas:abarofchocolateablanketofsnowablastofwindacakeofsoapacoatofpaintacutofporkadropofwateraspeckofdustasheetofskin一條巧克力一片白雪一陣風(fēng)一塊肥皂一層油漆一塊肉一滴水一?;覊m—張皮(2)Quantifier/
8、indefinitearticle+noun+of+noun(abstract)(用以表示抽象名詞數(shù)量單位的“量詞",suchas:anarticleoffoodanItemofnewsaperiodoftimeaboutoffightingach