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1、第23卷第10期巖石力學(xué)與工程學(xué)報(bào)23(10):1760~17642004年5月ChineseJournalofRockMechanicsandEngineeringMay,2004*柔性邊界加載試驗(yàn)機(jī)研制孟祥躍李世海張均鋒(中國(guó)科學(xué)院力學(xué)研究所北京100080)摘要現(xiàn)有的土力學(xué)試驗(yàn)機(jī)都是剛性邊界加載,也就是等位移邊界加載。這種試驗(yàn)機(jī)基本上是以研究均勻材料為目的,并且,它主要用于研究材料內(nèi)部一點(diǎn)的應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變狀態(tài)和強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則。而實(shí)際的土石混合體和破碎巖體內(nèi)部包含有結(jié)構(gòu)面和節(jié)理面等,它們是非均勻、非連續(xù)的,在外力的作用下其內(nèi)部的應(yīng)力分布是不均勻的。對(duì)于這種材料
2、,其真正的受力條件是等應(yīng)力邊界條件。為此,介紹了一種自行研制的三軸試驗(yàn)機(jī)——柔性邊界加載試驗(yàn)機(jī)。該試驗(yàn)裝置可以更好地從均勻加載的角度研究非均勻、非連續(xù)介質(zhì)的變形及破壞規(guī)律。對(duì)這種試驗(yàn)機(jī)的原理和設(shè)計(jì)作了說明;推導(dǎo)出了軸壓、圍壓、平衡壓之間的協(xié)調(diào)關(guān)系;同時(shí),還介紹了超聲波位移測(cè)量系統(tǒng)以及壓制試樣的裝置和壓制過程。關(guān)鍵詞巖土力學(xué),試驗(yàn)機(jī),柔性邊界,軸壓,圍壓,平衡壓,超聲波位移測(cè)量分類號(hào)TU415文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼A文章編號(hào)1000-6915(2004)10-1760-05STUDYANDMANUFACTUREOFFLEXIBLEBOUNDARYLOADINGTEST
3、INGMACHINEMengXiangyue,LiShihai,ZhangJunfeng(InstituteofMechanics,TheChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100080China)AbstractExistingtestingmachinesforrockandsoilmechanicsandgeo-engineeringareallunderstiffboundaryloading,thatis,allthedisplacementsateverypointofboundarysurfaceareequal
4、.Thesekindsoftestingmachinesareaimedathomogeneousmaterials.Theexistingtestingmachinesaremainlyusedtostudystress-strainstateandstrengthcriterionatapointinsidehomogeneousmaterials.Thisdoesnotcorrespondwiththefracturepatternsofrockandsoilmixtureorfracturedrock.Thereasonisthatthesema
5、terialscontainstructuralfacesandjointfaces,andtheyareinhomogeneousanddiscontinuous.Whileexternalforcesareappliedonthem,thestressdistributioninsidematerialsisuneven.Forthesematerials,therealstateisthatstressesactingoneverypointofboundarysurfaceareequal.Inordertostudythemechanicalb
6、ehaviourofrockandsoilmixtureorfracturedrock,anewtypeoftriaxialcompressivetestmachineisdeveloped,namelyflexibleboundaryloadingtestingmachine.Thistestingmachineisgoodatstudyingthedeformationandfailureofinhomogeneousanddiscontinuousmediafromtheangleofloadingequability.Theworkingprin
7、cipleanddesignthoughtofthismachineareillustrated.Thecorrelationamongaxialpressure,confiningpressureandbalancepressureisderived.Atthesametime,theapplicationofultrasonicdisplacementmeasuringsystemtoflexibleboundaryloadingtestingmachineandthemakingprocessoftestsamplearealsopresented
8、.Keywordsrockandsoilmechanics,testingmac