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1、中文摘要本文論述的主題為,我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)之科舉制度與民間信仰兩大領(lǐng)域相結(jié)合而產(chǎn)生的文化現(xiàn)象——科舉魁星崇拜。該崇拜源予其“魁弦字所具茹為首、第一’’之涵義,此意于宋代與已經(jīng)普及的科舉制度相作用,使該崇拜之精神層面最終形成并開始物化。該崇拜一經(jīng)確定便與宋、元、職、清四代科考、教育狀況密切相關(guān),表現(xiàn)在其于不同歷史階段分別形成了祠廟、神祗形象、祭祀儀式、傳說(shuō)等崇奉層面,最終成熟于清代。通過量化分析可知,雖不同時(shí)代呈現(xiàn)出不盡相同的趨勢(shì),但總體來(lái)講魁星崇拜之地域分布是與一地之文風(fēng)成正比例的。這是由于魁星神為文人士子群
2、體所有意倉(cāng)Ij造之神祗,該群體是其主要支持者與崇奉者。在此基礎(chǔ)上,主政當(dāng)局、地方力量、普通民眾皆以不同態(tài)度作用于該崇拜,這幾方力量間博弈的最終結(jié)果,導(dǎo)致魁星崇拜得以存在并延續(xù)至今。除上述諸方力量外,另有一維度作用于該崇拜現(xiàn)象,即傳統(tǒng)三教,這是要將該神祗置于中國(guó)民眾的精神世界這一整體中進(jìn)行探討的。由于魁星崇拜與科舉考試的淵源,儒教雖對(duì)其有著~定程度的排斥,但最終采取了容忍的姿態(tài)。道教態(tài)度較為溫和,卻存在著相當(dāng)程度的誤讀與漠視。與此二教相比,文昌神作為另一個(gè)更為興盛的科考神祗,與魁星神自始便有著千絲萬(wàn)縷的聯(lián)系
3、。二神互相補(bǔ)充、抗衡、妥協(xié),袍們的關(guān)系通過崇奉主體不同層面的解讀而呈現(xiàn)出極為豐富的內(nèi)涵。關(guān)鍵詞:魁星崇拜;科舉時(shí)代;崇奉主體;造神AbstractThisthesis。focusesontheworshipofGodKui-Xinginim耐alexaminations,whichisaculturephenomenoncomafromthecombinationofimperialexaminationsandf01kbelief.Thisworshiporiginatesfromthewordof‘'
4、Kui”whichmeansfirstly,thismeaningreactswithimperialexaminationinSongdrnas移andhe秘flnaalyformingandmaterializingthespiritualaspectoftheworshipofGodKui-Xing.Thisworship,afterithasbeenbuilt,relatestoimperialexaminationsandeducationalsituationsinSong,Yuan,Ming
5、,Qingdynastyintimately,anddisplayedbysuchastemple,imageofthegod,sacrificeceremony,legendindifferentperiods.Indicatefromquantizedanalysis,eventhoughtheworshipofGodKui-Xingisvaryingindifferentperiods,ithasbeenaffectedgreatlybylocalliteraryphenomenon,because
6、GodKui-Xingisinventeddeliberatelyandadoredbyliterati.Inaddition,itispopularamonggovernment,localpowerandpubUc.Resultfrombeingsupportfromenormousadorers,ithasbeenlastinguntilnow.GodKui-XingalsohasbeenaffectedbyBuddhism,TaoismandConfucianism,however,thistop
7、icshouldbediscussedinChinesepeople’Sspiritualworld.GodKui-XinghasbeenacceptedbyConfucianisminsomedegreeduetotheyalebotllrelevanttoimperialexamination.IthasbeenmisunderstoodandignorancegreatlybyTaoismalthoughTaoismobtainsakindofmildattitude.ComparetoConfuc
8、ianismandTaoism,GodKui-XinghasgreatandoriginalrelationwithGodWen-Changwhichisanotherpopularimperialexaminationgod,也eyenrich,conflictandcompromisemutually,theirrelationhasbeenenrichedbydiversityofexplanationfromdiffe