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1、摘要本文以紅茶為研究對象,采用酶技術(shù)和超微粉碎技術(shù)對紅茶的靜態(tài)萃取、動態(tài)萃取和萃取動力學(xué)過程進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究,結(jié)論如下:1.比較四種不同方式萃取紅茶,茶湯品質(zhì)的優(yōu)劣依次為:超微茶粉+酶>超微茶粉>普通茶粉+酶>普通茶粉。2.通過響應(yīng)面試驗(yàn)優(yōu)化參數(shù),結(jié)果表明:紅茶萃取的因素主要取決于溫度、時(shí)間、加酶量及其交互作用。加酶量12pL、時(shí)間60min、溫度60℃時(shí),普通茶粉加酶萃取所得茶湯可溶性周形物含量最大:2.54。Brix,加酶量12uL、時(shí)間80min、溫度60℃時(shí),超微茶粉加酶萃取所得茶湯可溶性固形物含量攝大:3.59。Brix;加酶量
2、12”L、時(shí)問80min、溫度60。C時(shí),普通茶粉加酶萃取所得茶湯茶多酚含量最大:4.069rL,加酶量4uL、40min、50℃時(shí),超微茶粉加酶萃取所得茶湯茶多酚含量最大:5.58VL。3.超微.酶解反應(yīng)器在紅茶萃取上體現(xiàn)出優(yōu)越性。通過超微一酶解反應(yīng)器后的茶湯可溶性固形物含量和茶多酚含量,隨著剪切溫度、剪切頻率、剪切時(shí)間、加酶量的增大呈升高的趨勢。紅茶經(jīng)過超微一酶解反應(yīng)器后比經(jīng)過膠體磨后可溶性固形物含量提高了6.7~12.6%,比直接熱水萃取提高了16.O~20.1%;而茶多酚含量則分別提高了1.5~8.o%和6.2~24.4%。在相
3、同條件下,紅茶加酶比不加酶經(jīng)過超微一酶解反應(yīng)器后茶湯茶多酚含量提高23.3~35.6%(40HZ以上)。4.紅茶內(nèi)容物的溶出主要取決于內(nèi)擴(kuò)散過程。普通茶粉和超微茶粉可溶性固形物含量的萃取動力學(xué)過程符合一級穩(wěn)態(tài)模型。試驗(yàn)范圍內(nèi),萃取溫度越高,速率常數(shù)越大。超微茶粉的速率常數(shù)是普通茶粉的1.22~2.22倍。紅茶的酶促動力學(xué)符臺米氏方程。關(guān)鍵詞;紅茶,超微粉碎,酶解反應(yīng)器,茶多酚,可溶性固形物AbstractThestaticanddynamicextractsandextractkineticsofblackteaaresystemati
4、callystudiedbytechnologyofenzymeandsuper-micro—comminution,Themajorconclusionsareasfollows:1.Thequalityofteadrinkiscomparedbyfourtreatmentmethods.Thequalitybysuper-micro-comminutedteapowderaddingenzymesextractingwassuperior,whichbysuper-micro‘comminutedteapowderposterior
5、,whichbyCOmmonteapowderaddingenzymesposterioragain,andwhichbycommonteapowderinferior.2.TheexperimentalparameterwasoptimizedbyResponseSurfaceExperiments.Theresultsdemonstratedthat,theextractqualityofblackteamainlydependedontemperature,time,quantityofaddingenzymesandtheiri
6、nteractions,themaximalsolublesolidscontentsofconmlonteapowderextractionweFg2.54。Brixwhenquantityofaddingenzymes12uLtime60min,temperature60"C,whichofsuper-micro—comminutedteapowderextractionwere3.594Brixwhenquantityofaddingenzymes12uLtime80min,temperature60"C,andthemaxima
7、lteapolyphenolscontentsofcommonteapowderextractionwere4.069/Lwhenquantityofaddingenzymes12pktime80min,temperature60"C,whichofsuper-micro.comminutedteapowderextractionwere5.589/Lwhenquantityofaddingenzymes411ktime40min,temperature50"C.3.ItwasprovenpredominantforSuper-micr
8、o-ComminutedEnzymaticReactorrSCER)toextractblacktea.nesolublesolidscontentsandteapolyphenolscontentsoft