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1、AComparativeStudyofEnglishandChineseLanguage1.TheComparativeStudyinGrammarofEnglishandChinese?1.1PartofSpeech?1.1.1Classificationinpartofspeech?Thereare11partsofspeechinChinese,whilethere’re10inEnglish.ArticlesdonotexistinChinese,and“量詞”and“助詞”donotexistinEnglish.E-C?增加量詞?Aredsunroseslowly
2、fromthecalmsea.?一輪紅日從風(fēng)平浪靜的海面冉冉升起。?Intothedimcloudswasswimmingacrescentmoon.?一鉤新月漸漸隱沒在朦朧的云彩里了。E-C?Astreamwaswindingitswaythroughthevalleyintotheriver.?一彎溪水蜿蜒流過山谷，匯合到江里去。E-C?增加語氣助詞?Don’ttakeitseriously.I’mjustmakingfunofyou.?不要認(rèn)真嘛，我不過是開個玩笑罷了。?Thelittleboyhadbroughtwithhimknife,scissorsandwha
3、tnot,tinklinginhispocket.?這個小孩隨身帶著刀子啦，剪子啦，以及諸如此類的東西，在口袋里丁零當(dāng)啷地直響。C-E?Isawaboyandagirlonmywayhome.Theboyhadabookandthegirladoll.?我回家時看見一個男孩子和一個女孩子。男孩子拿著一本書，女孩子抱著一個洋娃娃。?Aboyisalwaysaboy.?孩子總是孩子。Comparisonofthewordform?Chinese:isolatedlanguage;analyticlanguage?English:inflectionallanguage;synt
4、heticlanguageThewordformationofEnglish?Affixation綴合法?Conversion轉(zhuǎn)化法?Compounding復(fù)合法ThewordformationofChinese?CompoundingisthemainwayforChinesewordformation,althoughtherearecertainnumberof“affixes”inChinese,suchas“阿”，“子”etc.Thesimilaritiesinthecompoundingofthetwolanguages?主謂式?E.g.sunrise,hear
5、tbreak,地震，頭痛?動賓式?pickpocket,行政，關(guān)心?修飾限定關(guān)系?raindrop,watchdog,白糖，夕陽，鉛筆Thedifferencesofthecompoundingofthetwolanguages?1.漢語復(fù)合詞大多數(shù)是并列關(guān)系，與英語復(fù)合詞相比，這是一個典型特征?同義聯(lián)合：海洋、文學(xué)、追逐、貫穿?反義聯(lián)合：始終、甘苦、呼吸、供求?類義聯(lián)合：尺寸、斤兩、江山、穿戴2.漢語中還有兩種獨特的合成詞構(gòu)成方式?2.1表示屬概念的詞加上修飾語素就可以形成一個詞族。2.2以某一語素為出發(fā)點，與一系列語素合成一個語義相關(guān)的詞族?1.1.2Wordswith
6、morethanonepartofspeech?InChinesemostofthewordsfunctionasonepartofspeech,withonlyafewbeingusedasmorethanonepartofspeech.ButinEnglishthingsarequitedifferent:commonwordsoftenhavemorethanonepartofspeech.Examples?Chinesewordswithmulti-partofspeech?報告(v.)非洲之行/一個生動的報告(n.)?很活躍(adj.)/活躍(v.)了市場?一個完
7、整的系統(tǒng)(n.)/很系統(tǒng)(adj.)?Englishwordswithmulti-partofspeech?loose?aloosebuttonadj.?Heloosedthestrapsthatboundherarms.v.?Threeprisonersarestillontheloose.n.?down?Heisnotdownyet.adj.?She’llcomedownandseeyou.adv.?Hewalkeddownthestreet.prep.?Theydownedthreeenemy’splanes
