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1、CancerTherapy?Surgery-￠L(zhǎng)ocalizedtumors?Radiation-￠Metastastictumors￠Affectsproliferatingcells(bonemarrow,etc.)￠Radiation-resistanttumorsdevelop?Chemotherapy-￠Metastastictumors￠Affectsproliferatingcells(bonemarrow,etc.)￠Drug-resistanttumorsdevelop?Immunotherapy-￠Metastastictumors￠Specificity￠D
2、onotdevelopresistance￠NotoxicityTumorImmunotherapyWhatisImmunotherapy??Immunotherapy(alsoknownasbiologictherapyorbiotherapy)istreatmentthatusescertainpartsoftheimmunesystemtofightdisease,including:?Immunodeficiency;Immuneenchantment?Cancer;Therapy?Infection;?Autoimmunity;?Hypersensitivity;Imm
3、uosuppression?Graftrejection;Therapy?Inflammatory;TumorImmunotherapy?Passiveimmunotherapy?MonoclonalAntibody(mAb)?Activeimmunotherapy?Non-specific(InnateImmunity)?Bacterialmaterial?Cytokine?Specific?Vaccine?ImprovementofVaccineEfficay?AdjuvantPassiveimmunotherapy?Passiveimmunotherapyusesaspec
4、ialtypeofantibodywhichisdevelopedoutsideofapatient'sbody.?Thisantibodyprovidesprotectionagainstdiseaseandhelpstofightoffaninfection,orincancertreatmenttoattacktumorcells.?Theyaredesignedtoattackforeignsubstancesdirectly.?Theydonotstimulateaperson'simmunesystemtoplayanactiveroleinfightingthein
5、fection.ClinicalfocusClinicalfocus--PassivetherapyPassivetherapy?In1890,EmilBehringandShibasaburoKitasatoreportedanextraordinaryexperiment.TheyimmunizedrabbitswithTetanus/Diphtheria(破傷風(fēng)/白喉)andcollectedserumfromtheseimmuneanimals.?Theyinjected0.2mloftheimmuneserumintotheabdominalcavityofsixmic
6、e.After24hours,theyinfectedthetreatedanimalsanduntreatedcontrolmicediedwithin48hrofinfection,thetreatedmicenotonlysurvivedbutshowednoeffectsofinfection.PassivetherapyPassivetherapy?First,itshowedthatfollowingimmunization,substancesappearedinserumthatcouldprotectananimalagainstpathogens?Second
7、,thisworkdemonstratedthatimmunitycouldbepassivelyacquiredvonBehring?Afewyearslater,in1901,vonBehringwasawardedthePassiveImmunotherapyAntibodytransfer?Serum(1901)?TotalImmunoglobulin(Totalantibodypurifiedfromserum)(~1940)?Polyclonalantibody(an
