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1、SeventhInternationalConferenceonNetworkingSurveyofenergyef?cientstrategiesinwirelessadhocandsensornetworksSaouceneMahfoudh,PascaleMinetINRIA,Rocquencourt78153LeChesnayCedex,FranceEmail:saoucene.mahfoudh@inria.fr,pascale.minet@inria.frAbstractThediversityoftheapplicationssupportedbywire-networ
2、kandapplicationfunctionalitiesarestillensured,lessadhocandsensornetworksexplainthesuccessoftheselike[11],[10],[9];networks.However,theirenergyconstrainednaturerequiresthe3)Topologycontrolbytuningnodetransmissionpower:useofenergyef?cientstrategiestomaximizenetworklifetime.Wethesestrategies?ndt
3、heoptimumnodetransmissioncanclassifythesestrategiesinfourcategories:1.Energyef?cientrouting,2.Schedulingthenodessleepingstate,3.Topologypowerthatminimizesenergyconsumption,whilekeep-controlbytuningnodetransmissionpowerand4.Reducingtheingnetworkconnectivity,likeforinstance[12],[13],volumeofinf
4、ormationtransferred.Foreachcategory,astateof[14],[15],[16],[17];theartisgivenandnewprotocolsarepresented.Thebestenergy4)Reducingthevolumeofinformationtransferredby:ef?ciencywillbeobtainedbycombiningallthefourcategories?aggregatinginformationwiththeuseofclusters,likeofstrategies.Across-layerin
5、gapproachisapromisingtradeoffbetweengenericsolutionsandsolutionsoptimizedforaspeci?c[18],[19]orwithout,like[20],[21],[22];application.?decreasingthefrequencyofinformationrefreshmentwithdistance,like[23],[24];I.INTRODUCTION?avoidingtotransferinformationtouninterestedInalotofapplicationssupport
6、edbywirelesssensornet-nodes,like[25],[26],[27],[28],[29],[30],[31].works,nodeenergyisdif?cultorveryexpensivetorenewAwirelessnode’sradiocanbeinoneofthefollowing(e.g.,buildingandbridgemonitoring,resourceexplorationinfourstates:Transmit,Receive,IdleorSleep.Eachstatehostileenvironments,wildlifepr
7、otection,seismicdetection).correspondstoadifferentpowerlevel.Thedesignersofsuchnetworksarefacedtotheproblemof?Transmit:nodeistransmittingaframewithtransmissionmaximizingnetworklifetime,whichcanbede?nedas:powerPtransmit;?De?nitionD1:thetimetot
