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1、Abnormalcellproliferation,differentiationanddiseases(細(xì)胞增殖、分化異常與疾病)Dept.ofPathophysiology,ZhejiangUniversitySchoolofMedicineI.Cellproliferationanddiseases(細(xì)胞增殖與疾病)∑Cellproliferation(細(xì)胞增殖)y定義:指細(xì)胞分裂和再生的過程y過程:細(xì)胞生長→DNA復(fù)制→細(xì)胞分裂細(xì)胞周期2(I)IntroductiontoCellcycle(細(xì)胞周期的概述)∑定
2、義:增殖細(xì)胞從一次有絲分裂結(jié)束到下一次有絲分裂的結(jié)束所經(jīng)歷的時期和順序變化∑分期G1期(firstgapphase,DNA合成前期)S期(syntheticphase,DNA合成期)G2期(secondgapphase,DNA合成后期)M期(mitoticphase,有絲分裂期)∑人體細(xì)胞的分類yCyclingcells(周期性細(xì)胞):表皮細(xì)胞、骨髓干細(xì)胞、生殖細(xì)胞等yG0cells(G0期細(xì)胞):肝細(xì)胞、腎細(xì)胞yTerminallydifferentiatedcells(終端分化細(xì)胞):神經(jīng)細(xì)胞、心肌細(xì)胞(II)Re
3、gulationofCellCycle(細(xì)胞周期的調(diào)控)∑Self-control(自身調(diào)控)yCyclin(周期蛋白)和Cyclindependentkinase(周期素依賴性蛋白激酶,CDK)ycheckpoint(檢查點(diǎn))∑Extracellularsignals(細(xì)胞外信號)1、Cyclin(周期蛋白)∑cyclinA、B1-2、C、D1-3、E、F、G1-2、H、I、K、T1-2∑作用:活化CDK,使不同底物磷酸化而實(shí)現(xiàn)對細(xì)胞周期不同時相的推進(jìn)和轉(zhuǎn)換作用∑結(jié)構(gòu):cyclinbox(周期蛋白框)Regulato
4、rysubunitCyclinboxCyclincyclinCombineCDKCDKPSTAIRECatalyticsubnuitCyclin/CDKStep1:UbiquitinConjugation(泛素結(jié)合)Ubiquitin-activatingenzymeE1(泛素激活酶)Ubiquitin-conjugatingenzymeE2(泛素結(jié)合酶)Ubiquitin-proteinligaseE3(泛素連接酶)Step2:Digestionoftheubiquitinatedproteins(泛素化蛋白的降解)
5、2、CDK∑絲氨酸/蘇氨酸蛋白激酶,CDK1~9∑作用:CDK與不同cyclin結(jié)合后活化,調(diào)控細(xì)胞周期∑CDK活性的調(diào)控(1)Cyclinbinding(2)Phosphorylationanddephosphorylation(3)CDK抑制因子(cyclindependentkinaseinhibitor,CDI/CKI)yINK4(inhibitorsofkinase4)family∑specificforCDK4andCDK6∑p16INK4A,p15INK4B,p18INK4C,andp19INK4DyCI
6、P(Cdkinhibitoryprotein)/KIP(kinaseinhibitoryprotein)family∑inhibitallG1andSphaseCDKenzymes∑p21Cip1,p27Kip1,andp57Kip2(4)OncogenandTumorsuppressorgene(癌基因和抑癌基因)y癌基因:src,ras,sis,myc,myby抑癌基因:Rb、p533、Checkpoint(細(xì)胞周期檢查點(diǎn))∑G1/Scheckpoint(DNAdamagecheckpoint):Checkpoin
7、tforDNAintegrity∑S/G2checkpoint:CheckpointforunreplicatedDNA∑G2/Mcheckpoint(Spindleassemblycheckpoint):Checkpointforpairedkinetochores4、Extracellularsignals(III)Dysregulationofcellcycle(細(xì)胞周期調(diào)控異常)∑細(xì)胞周期的驅(qū)動失控(Cyclin、CDK和CDI表達(dá)異常)∑監(jiān)控(檢查)機(jī)制受損細(xì)胞增殖異常與相關(guān)疾病增殖過度增殖不足惡性腫瘤、前列
8、腺肥大糖尿病腎病銀屑病、原發(fā)性血小板增多癥神經(jīng)退行性疾病家族性紅細(xì)胞增多癥、類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎再生障礙性貧血肝肺腎纖維化、腎小管間質(zhì)性病變動脈粥樣硬化1、惡性腫瘤(1)cyclins異?!婆ccyclin(D、E)過量表達(dá)有密切的關(guān)系yCyclinD1(bcl-1):295個氨基酸,由染色體11q13上的CCND1基因編碼Amplific