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1、WorldDevelopmentVol.34,No.8,pp.1361–1373,2006ó2006ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved0305-750X/$-seefrontmatterwww.elsevier.com/locate/worlddevdoi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.10.009Globalization,Poverty,andInequality:WhatistheRelationship?WhatCanBeDone?*KAUSHIKBASUCornellUniversity,NY,USASummary.—Thepaperst
2、udiestherelationbetweenglobalization,inequality,andmarginalization,withinandacrosscountries.Itreviewstheexistingevidenceonglobalizationandglobalinequalityandargues,usingasimpletheoreticalmodel,thatthetwoareinter-connected.Itdiscussesalterna-tivepoliciestocounterextremepovertyandinequality.Thepaper
3、takestheviewthatcurbingthese,evenwithinonecountry,requiresglobal,cross-countrypoliciesthatwedonotcurrentlyhave,andadvocatesthesettingupofaninternationalinitiativetocoordinatesuchpolicies.ó2006ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.Keywords—globalization,inequality,poverty,internationalorganization,policyco
4、ordination1.THEQUESTIONSIfweleaveoutindividualsandturntocoun-tries,thegapsofcourseshrinkbutarestill1ForbesOnlineofFebruary27,2003,o?ersstriking.Taketherichestandthepoorestcoun-someinformationabouttheworld’s10richesttries(intermsofpercapitaincome)inthelistof4people.Muchoftheinformationwouldcause152
5、countriesforwhichdetaileddataarepro-littlesurprise.ThelistshowsthatbigmoneyvidedintheWorldDevelopmentIndicators2005comesfromsoftwareinnovation,retailingscale(WorldBank,2005).Theseare,respectively,economies,thebusinessofoil,investmentluck,Norwayand(tyingatthebottomrank)Burun-andinheritance.Whatis,h
6、owever,reallystrik-diandEthiopia.EthiopiaandBurundihaveaing—moresoasonepondersthematter—ispercapitaincomeof$90andNorway$43,400.2justhowrichthese10peopleare.TogetherIfwemakepurchasingpowerparity(PPP)theyhad,in2002,anetworthof$217billion,correctionsonthese,theygetabitcloserbutrangingfromBillGatesint
7、heleadwith$40.7stillthegapishuge.ApersonpickedatrandombilliontoJohnWalton(sonofSamWalton,inNorwayisexpectedtobe60timesasrichasfounderofWal-Mart)attherearwith$16.5bil-apersonchosenrandomlyinBurundi,evenlion.withaP
