資源描述：
《138-Dr. Don Snow, Nanjing University》由會(huì)員上傳分享，免費(fèi)在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在行業(yè)資料-天天文庫(kù)。
1、WrittenCantoneseandtheriseofwrittenvernacularsDr.DonSnow,NanjingUniversityHandout#1Diglossia.∑Definition=describessituationsinwhichasocietyusestwodifferentlanguagevarietiesfordifferentfunctions:?A"low"(L)languagefordailyconversation;?A"high"(H)languageforformalpurposes,includingmostoral
2、lwriting.∑Keycharacteristicsofadiglossicsituation:?Listhedailyspokenlanguage;Hisnotusedforordinaryconversation.?Lislearnednaturallyathome;Hislearnedprimarilyinschool.?Little-ifanything–iswritteninL(althoughtheremaybesomeexceptions,suchascertainkindsofpoetrywritteninL);Hisawrittenlanguag
3、ewithastrongwrittenandliterarytradition.?Lisgenerallyconsideredlowandvulgar;HisgenerallyconsideredsuperiortoL-morebeautiful,morelogical,betterforexpressingloftythoughts.?Lhasfewformalstandards,andifsuchthingsasdictionariesandgrammarsexistforLatall,theywereprobablydonebyoutsiders.Hhascle
4、arlystatedstandards,andthereisgenerallyastrongtraditionoftheformalstudyofHwithinthecommunity;forexample,therearedictionaries,grammars,formalcodesoforthography,andsoforth.Writtenvernaculars:∑China:?Before1900s,ClassicalChinesedominantwrittenlanguageinChina.?However,Baihuaalreadyexistedan
5、dhadalonghistory.°AppearsfirstinTangDynastybianwentexts.°Growsthroughuseinvernacularfiction.?Inearly1900s,reformersadvocateuseofBaihuainordertopromoteliteracy,education,andmodernization.?From1920son,BaihuagraduallyreplacesClassicalChinese.Forexample,in1920s,adoptedbygovernmentasthelangu
6、ageforschooltextbooks.∑Japan:?ClassicalChinesethedominantwrittenlanguageintraditionalJapan.?However,writtenJapanesedevelopedquiteearlyandwasusedinsomekindsofpoetry,privatewriting,andlow-prestigewritingsuchaswomen’sliterature.°HeianperiodJapan(794-1185)–wabunJapaneseprose,wakaJapanesepoe
7、try.°TaleofGenjiallinJapaneseinhiragana,cir.1001-1010.?InMeijiperiod(late1800s)reformersargueitistoodifficulttopromotemasseducationusingClassicalChinese.(Manyofthemawareofcloserelationshipbetweenspoken/writtenlanguageinEurope.)?Duringlate1800s/early1900s,writtenJapanesereplaces
