資源描述：
《International trade國際貿(mào)易》由會員上傳分享，免費(fèi)在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在教育資源-天天文庫。
1、Internationaltrade國際貿(mào)易istheexchangeofgoodsorservicesbetweenmanycountriesImport進(jìn)口isthepurchaseofagoodorservicemadeoverseasExport出口isthesaleofagoodorservicemadeathomeAbsoluteadvantage絕對優(yōu)勢Eachcountrywillbenefitfromspecializationinthosecommoditiesinwhichithasanabsoluteadvantage,(i.e.,beingabletoproduc
2、eatalowerrealcostthananothercountry),exportingthemandimportingothercommoditieswhichitproducesatahigherrealcostthananothercountryComparativeadvantageTradewillbenefitbothnationsprovidedonlythattheirrelativecosts,thatis,theratiosoftheirrealcostsmeasuredbylabor-houroranothercommodity,aredifferentfortw
3、oormorecommodities.Inshort,tradedependsondifferencesincomparativecostoropportunitycost,andonenationcanprofitablytradewithanothereventhoughitsrealcostsarehigherorlowerineverycommodity.BenefitsofInternationalTradeWidermarketwiththeincreasingnumberoftradingpartnersGrowthofeconomyCheapergoodsGreatvari
4、etywithgoodscomingfrommorecountriesReasonsfortraderestrictionsPurepoliticalreasonsThereisaninfantindustryargumentwhichmaintainsthatanewindustryneedstobeprotecteduntilthelaborforceistrained,theproductiontechniquesaremasteredandtheoperationbecomeslargeenoughtoenjoytheeconomiesofscaleandtobeabletocom
5、peteinthemarket.Manycountrieswantadiversifiedeconomytobelessdependentonforeigncountriesbotheconomicallyandpolitically.Inaddition,itiscrucialforcountriestoprotecttheirvitalindustries,whicharestrategicallyrelatedtostabilityandeconomicdevelopment.Domesticjobsneedtobeprotectedfromcheapforeignlabor.Imp
6、osingrestrictionsonimportisaimingtomaintainabalanceoftradeandbalanceofpayments.Protectionisneededwhenforeignfirmsreceivesubsidiesandgovernmentbenefitsandsellgoodsabroadatbelow-costpricetocaptureamarket.Tariffisadutyorfeeleviedongoodsbeingimportedintoacountry.Anti-dumpingdutyiscollectedwhenimportin
7、gcountrybelievesthatthereisadumping(onecountrysellsthegoodsinanothercountryatalowerprice,whichisbelowdomesticsellingprice,worldmarketprice,orproductioncost.)Foreignexchangecontrolmeansvariousformsofrestrictionimp
