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1、1.The“deindustrialization”thesisofBluestoneandHarrisonassertthatthereplacementofdomesticmanufacturingwithforeignmanufacturingbegunbyUniteStatescorporationsinthelate1960sresultedina“hollowingout”ofAmericanindustry,wherebyworkersdisplacedfrommanufacturingjobsthroughmassiveplantclo
2、singsfoundthemselvesmoreorlesspermanentlyintolower-paying,lesssecurejobsorfoundthemselvesmoreorlesspermanentlyintounemployment.Bluestone和Harrison的“去工業(yè)化”理論認(rèn)為，美國(guó)企業(yè)從20世紀(jì)60年代末開(kāi)始用外國(guó)制造來(lái)代替本國(guó)產(chǎn)品導(dǎo)致了美國(guó)工業(yè)被“挖空”，因此在工廠大規(guī)模關(guān)閉中失去了制造業(yè)工作的工人發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)或多或少的永久進(jìn)入到了低收入、低保障的工作中，或者失業(yè)。2.Pocock’sassertionthatJe
3、fferson’sattacksonthecommercialpoliciesoftheFederalistssimplyechothelanguageoftheToryoppositioninEnglandisatoddswiththefactthatJeffersonrejectedtheelitistimplicationsofthatgroup’snotionofvirtueandthatJeffersonassertedtherightofalltoparticipateincommercialsociety.Pocock認(rèn)為Jefferso
4、n對(duì)聯(lián)邦黨商業(yè)政策的抨擊僅僅是效仿英格蘭保守黨的反對(duì)言論，但Pocock的論斷與事實(shí)相互矛盾。事實(shí)上，Jefferson拒絕考慮保守黨對(duì)美德的看法所產(chǎn)生的精英主義的影響，同時(shí)Jefferson認(rèn)為所有人都擁有權(quán)力參與商業(yè)活動(dòng)。1.HerbertShawarguesthatbecausescientistshaveunderestimatedtheinputofsubstantialamountsofenergyfromextraterrestrialimpactors(asteroidandcometstrikingEarth),theyhavedif
5、ficultyaccountingforthedifferencebetweenthequantityofenergythatwasproducedfromsourcesintrinsictoEarthandthequantityofenergythatwasinvolvedinplatetectonics.HerbertShaw認(rèn)為，由于科學(xué)家們低估了地外星體（撞擊地球的小行星和彗星）撞擊地球所輸入的巨大能量，他們難以解釋源自于地球內(nèi)部的能量和與板塊構(gòu)造相關(guān)的能量之間數(shù)量上的差異。2.Critiquingthemovement’sthatlawyer
6、scanofferspecialinsightsintoliteraturethatdealswithlegalmatters,Prosnerpointsoutthatwritersofliteratureusethelawlooselytoconveyaparticularideaorwritersusethelawasametaphorfortheworkingsofthesocietyenvisionedintheirfiction,對(duì)于這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的假定—即律師可以對(duì)涉及法律事務(wù)的文學(xué)作品提供獨(dú)特的見(jiàn)解—Prosner指出，文學(xué)作家只是寬泛的利用法
7、律來(lái)喻指小說(shuō)所所造出來(lái)的社會(huì)運(yùn)作過(guò)程。3.Onesuchnovelideaisthatofinterestingintothechromosomesofplantsdiscretegenesthatarenotapartoftheplants’naturalconstitution:specifically,theideaofinsertingintononleguminousplantsthegenes,iftheycanbeidentifiedandisolated,thatfittheleguminousplantstobehostsfornit
8、rogen-fixingbacteria.Hence,thereistheintensifie
