資源描述：
《英美文化14 American Settlements and Life》由會員上傳分享，免費(fèi)在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在教育資源-天天文庫。
1、英美社會與文化AmericanSettlementsandLifeI.Settlementpatterns1.Thediverse“native”IndiancultureshadlittleinfluenceuponthecurrentAmericansettlementpatterns(聚居類型)exceptinpartsofNewMexico.Thevastnessoftheland,thescarcity[?sk??siti]oflabour,andtheabundanceofmigrator
2、y[?maiɡr?t?ri,mai?ɡreit?ri]opportunitiesinalandreplete(充滿的)withrawphysicalresourcescontributedtoexceptionalhumanmobilityandaquicksuccessionofephemeral([i?fem?r?l],lastingforaveryshorttime,短暫的)formsoflanduseandsettlement.Humanendeavourshavegreatlytransfo
3、rmedthelandscape,butsucheffortshavebeenlargelydestructive.Mostofthepre-EuropeanlandscapeintheUnitedStateswassoswiftlyandradicallyalteredthatitisdifficulttoconjectureintelligentlyaboutitsearlierappearance.2.TheoverallimpressionofthesettledportionoftheAme
4、ricanlandscape,ruralorurban,isoneofdisorderandincoherence,eveninareasofstrictgeometricsurvey(幾何形狀).Thegeneraleffectisuntidy.TheseattributeshavebeenintensifiedbytheacuteindividualismoftheAmerican,vigorousspeculationinland(積極的土地投機(jī)活動)andothercommodities.Th
5、elandscapeisalsoremarkableforitsextensivetransportationfacilities,whichhavegreatlyinfluencedtheconfiguration(外貌)oftheland.3.Thefarmsteads(農(nóng)莊,農(nóng)場及其建筑物)havebecomeincreasinglyurbanized,andagriculturaloperationshavebecomemoreautomated,whilethemetropolisgrows
6、moregelatinous([d?i?l?tin?s]凝膠狀的),unfocused,andpseudo-bucolic([?psju:d?u][bju:?k?l?k]仿田園風(fēng)味的)alongitsmargins.Therelativelyconcentratedlatter-day(近來的,現(xiàn)代的)villagespersisttodayasamoeba-like([??mi:b?]阿米巴,變形蟲)entitiesstragglingalongconverging(收縮的；減小的)roads,ne
7、itherfullyruralnoragglomerated([??ɡl?m?reit]聚集的,成團(tuán)的)inform.Theonlylatter-daysettlementexperimentofnotablemagnitudetoachieveenduringsuccesswasaseriesofMormonsettlementsintheGreatBasinregionofUtah(猶他州,)andadjacentstates,withtheirtightlyconcentratedfarmvil
8、lagesreminiscentoftheNewEnglandmodel.Othereffortshavebeenmadealongethnic,religious,orpoliticallines,butsuccesshasbeenatbestbriefandfragile.II.UrbanLife1.TheUnitedStateshasmovedfromapredominantlyruralsettlementintoanurbansociety.I
