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1、被動(dòng)語態(tài)及動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式Grammar不定式由“to+do(動(dòng)詞原形)”構(gòu)成,其否定形式是“nottodo”,不定式可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語,在句子中作______,_____,_____,_____,_____,_____或_________。不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有_____和_____的變化。獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)主語表語賓語賓補(bǔ)定語狀語時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)不定式有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，時(shí)態(tài)共四種，即一般式、完成式、進(jìn)行式和完成進(jìn)行式。語態(tài)分為主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如下表所示。形式主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式進(jìn)行式完成式完成進(jìn)行式todotohavedonetobedoingtohavebeendo
2、ingtobedonetohavebeendone當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語是動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)用_____語態(tài)；當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語是動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)用_____語態(tài)。進(jìn)行式和完成進(jìn)行式?jīng)]有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)被動(dòng)不定式的被動(dòng)形式有下列用法:(1)作主語Itisanhonourformetobeaskedtospeakhere.形式主語(2)作賓語SheaskedtobesenttoworkinHongKong.(3)構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(賓補(bǔ))Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.Shedidn’tlikeherselftobepr
3、aisedlikethat.(4)構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語Thebooksarenotallowedtobetakenoutoftheroom.(5)作定語Areyougoingtothemeetingtobeheldnextweek?(6)作狀語Shewastooyoungtobeassignedsuchwork.Itisagoodthingforhimtohavebeencriticized.Shepreferredtohavebeengivenheavierworktodo.不定式有時(shí)還可以有完成式的被動(dòng)式，在句中作主語、賓語、定語，或者構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語、復(fù)合謂語等。Hethoughti
4、tanhonourtohavebeeninvitedtotheparty.Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.(complexpredicate)Shewasthefirstwomantohavebeenelectedtosuchapost.1.在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中。Thereisalotofhomeworktodo.Thereisnotimetolose.2.在“…be+adj+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中。常用的形容詞有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light
5、，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap，fit，dangerous等。Heishardtoconvince.Heisimpossibletoworkwith.3.在“too…to…;enough…to…”結(jié)構(gòu)中。Theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout.Thehouseisbigenoughtolivein.4.在“with+n.+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中。Withnothingtodo,helayinbed.Withsomanyexercisestodo,Ican’tgotothecinema.5.當(dāng)不定式的
6、邏輯主語在句中出現(xiàn)時(shí)。Ihavealettertotypetoday.Doyouhaveanythingtosay?(I是totype的邏輯主語)(you是tosay的邏輯主語)6.一些作表語用的不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。IfeltIwastoblame.1.Thedishesneed____________.tobewashedwash2.Themailisintended____________.sendtobesent4.Thehouseis_________.selltobesold3.Thewallisexpected_____________.tobepaintedp
7、aint1.Shehates_______________(laughat)byherclassmates.2.Timrefused____________________(accompany)byhisfathertoschool.3.Shestruggled___________________(understand)bytheFrenchvisitors.tobeaccompaniedtobeunderstoodtobelaughedat4.Thesearetheissues_____
