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1、JournalofPolymersandtheEnvironment,Vol.9,No.2,April2001(q2002)ALiteratureReviewofPoly(LacticAcid)DonaldGarlotta1Aliteraturereviewispresentedregardingthesynthesis,andphysicochemical,chemical,andmechani-calpropertiesofpoly(lacticacid)(PLA).Poly(lacticacid)existsasapolymerichelix,withanorth
2、orhombicunitcell.ThetensilepropertiesofPLAcanvarywidely,dependingonwhetherornotitisannealedororientedorwhatitsdegreeofcrystallinityis.AlsodiscussedaretheeffectsofprocessingonPLA.CrystallizationandcrystallizationkineticsofPLAarealsoinvestigated.SolutionandmeltrheologyofPLAisalsodiscussed.
3、Fourdifferentpower-lawequationsand14differentMark±HouwinkequationsarepresentedforPLA.Nuclearmagneticresonance,UV±VIS,andFTIRspectroscopyofPLAarebrieflydiscussed.Finally,researchconductedonstarch±PLAcompositesisintroduced.KEYWORDS:Poly(lacticacid);synthesis;crystallizationkinetics;viscosi
4、ty;composites.INTRODUCTIONtionisdependentonthesizeandshapeofthearticle,theisomerratio,andthetemperatureofhydrolysis[1].Poly(lacticacid)(PLA)belongstothefamilyofInorderforPLAtobeprocessedonlarge-scalealiphaticpolyesterscommonlymadefroma-hydroxyproductionlinesinapplicationssuchasinjectionm
5、olding,acids,whichincludepolyglycolicacidorpolymandelicblowmolding,thermoforming,andextrusion,thepoly-acid,andareconsideredbiodegradableandcompostable.mermustpossessadequatethermalstabilitytopreventPLAisathermoplastic,high-strength,high-modulusdegradationandmaintainmolecularweightandprop
6、er-polymerthatcanbemadefromannuallyrenewableties.PLAundergoesthermaldegradationattemperaturesresourcestoyieldarticlesforuseineithertheindustrialpackagingfieldorthebiocompatible/bioabsorbablemedi-above2008C(3928F)[3]byhydrolysis,lactidereforma-caldevicemarket.Itiseasilyprocessedonstandard
7、plas-tion,oxidativemainchainscission,andinter-orintramo-ticsequipmenttoyieldmoldedparts,film,orfibers[1].leculartransesterificationreactions.PLAdegradationisItisoneofthefewpolymersinwhichthestereochemicaldependentontime,temperature,low-molecular-weightstructurecaneasilybe
