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1、Organizations,IndividualismandEconomicTheoryMosteconomictheoryisbasedontheassumptionthateconomiesgrowinalinearfashion.Recessions,depressionsand(financial)crisesareexplainedbypolicymistakes.However,economicdevelopmenthashistoricallybeenuneven,andthisstateofaffairscontinuestoday.Thisbookarg
2、uesthattwentiethcenturyeconomictheoryhasmarginalizedindividualismandorganizationalvariety,andputsforwardthecaseforapluralistapproach.Thisbookrepresentsauniquesynthesisofbusinesstheoryandeconomictheory,whichpinpointstheproblemswithmanycurrentmainstreamtheoriesandsetsoutnewagendasforresearc
3、h.Here,MariaBrouwerarguesthatmarketcompetitionisnotaboutadaptingtochangesfromoutside,butisdrivenbyhumanmotivationandgoaldirectedbehavior.Thisgivesmanagerialskills,whichdonottraditionallyhaveasignificantplaceinmainstreameconomictheory,akeyrole.Italsohighlightstheneedfororganizationsthathav
4、eamoti-vationalcultureandappreciatehumancapital.Thisdiffersfromthetraditionalviewofthefirmasaproductionfunctiondictatedbytechnology.Brouwerarguesthatorganizationsshouldbedepictedasvoluntaryassociationsofpeoplethatpursuegoalsoftheirown,whilefirmscompeteonmarkets,whererelativeperformancedet
5、erminestheirfate.Thisargumentbuildsonoldertheoriesofinnovationandmarketcompetitionthatliveoninbusinessschoolcurricula,andpaintsapictureofaneconomydirectedbyindividualsandfirms.Thissignalsabolddeparturefromstandardeconomicthinking.Thebookemphasizesthevariousformsofdiscoursethatwereappliedi
6、noldandmoderntimes.Nontraditionalorganizationisneededtoattractoutsiders.Theygavepeopleavoiceinoldandmodernrepublicsanddemocracies.Moderneconomiesfeatureorganizationsthathavedevelopednewformsofdiscourse;theinternethasopenednewpossibilitiestotapintothewisdomofcrowds.MariaBrouwerisProfessoro
7、fEconomics,UniversityofAmsterdam,theNetherlands.Routledgefrontiersofpoliticaleconomy1EquilibriumVersus8SocialEconomyUnderstandingThelogicofcapitalistdevelopmentTowardstherehumanizationofClarkEverlingeconomicswithinsocialtheory9NewKeynesianEconomics/PostMarkAddlesonK
