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1、TheLiTTLeBookofSTringTheoryBooksintheSCIENCEESSENTIALSseriesbringcutting-edgesciencetoageneralaudience.Theseriesprovidesthefoundationforabetterunderstandingofthescientificandtechnicaladvanceschangingourworld.ineachvolume,aprominentscientist—chosenbyanadvisoryboardofnationalAcademyofSciencemem
2、bers—conveysinclearprosethefundamentalknowledgeunderlyingarapidlyevolvingfieldofscientificendeavor.TheGreatBrainDebate:NatureorNurture,byJohnDowlingMemory:TheKeytoConsciousness,byrichardf.ThompsonandStephenMadiganTheFacesofTerrorism:SocialandPsychologicalDimensions,byneilJ.SmelserTheMysteryof
3、theMissingAntimatter,byhelenr.QuinnandyossinirTheLongThaw:HowHumansAreChangingtheNext100,000YearsofEarth’sClimate,byDavidArcherTheMedeaHypothesis:IsLifeonEarthUltimatelySelf-Destructive?byPeterWardHowtoFindaHabitablePlanet,byJameskastingTheLittleBookofStringTheory,byStevenS.gubsertheLittLeBoo
4、kofStringtheoryStevenS.GubSerPrINCEToNUNIvErSITYPrESSPrINCEToNANDoxForDCopyright2010?byStevenS.gubserrequestsforpermissiontoreproducematerialfromthisworkshouldbesenttoPermissions,PrincetonUniversityPressPublishedbyPrincetonUniversityPress,41WilliamStreet,Princeton,newJersey08540intheUnitedkin
5、gdom:PrincetonUniversityPress,6oxfordStreet,Woodstock,oxfordshireoX201TWAllrightsreservedLibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDatagubser,StevenScott,1972-Thelittlebookofstringtheory/StevenS.gubser.p.cm.—(Scienceessentials)includesindex.iSBn978-0-691-14289-0(cloth:alk.paper)1.Stringmodels
6、—Popularworks.i.Title.QC794.6.S85g832010539.7'258—dc222009022871BritishLibraryCataloging-in-PublicationDataisavailableThisbookhasbeencomposedinBemboPrintedonacid-freepaper.∞press.princeton.eduPrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica10987654321ConTenTSIntroduction1ChAPTeroneenergy11ChAPTerTWoQuantumM
7、echanics19ChAPTerThreegravityandBlackholes34ChAPTerfoUrStringTheory49ChAPTerfiveBranes69ChAPTerSiXStringDualities99ChAPTerSevenSupersymmetryandtheLhC117ChAPTereighTheavyionsandthefifthDimension140Epilogue159Index163Thispageintentionallyleftbl
