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1、希爾頓酒店設(shè)計和施工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)附錄BLifeCycleAnalysis(LCCA)主要國際基準(zhǔn)文件ThepurposeofanLCCAistocomparetheoverallcostsofprojectalternativesandtoselectthedesignthatensuresthefacilitywillprovidethelowestoverallcostofownership.TheLCCAshouldbeperformedearlyinthedesignprocesswhilethereisstillachancetorefinethedesigntoensur
2、eareductioninlife-cyclecosts(LCC).生命周期分析的目的是對各種項(xiàng)目方案的總體成本進(jìn)行比較，并選擇相應(yīng)的設(shè)計來確保相應(yīng)設(shè)施能夠提供較低的總體擁有成本。生命周期分析應(yīng)在設(shè)計過程的早期階段進(jìn)行，從而有機(jī)會提煉設(shè)計以便降低生命周期成本（LCC）。ThefirstandmostchallengingtaskofanLCCA,oranyeconomicevaluationmethod,istodeterminetheeconomiceffectsofalternativedesignsofbuildingsandbuildingsystemsandtoqu
3、antifytheseeffectsandexpresstheminmonetaryamounts.生命周期分析的目的是對各種項(xiàng)目方案的總體成本進(jìn)行比較，并選擇相應(yīng)的設(shè)計來確保相應(yīng)設(shè)施能夠提供較低的總體擁有成本。Costs成本Therearenumerouscostsassociatedwithacquiring,operating,maintaining,anddisposingofabuildingorbuildingsystem.Building-relatedcostsusuallyfallintothefollowingcategories:9葉予舜8/3/2021
4、9:08:54下午希爾頓酒店設(shè)計和施工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與建筑物或建筑系統(tǒng)的取得、經(jīng)營、維護(hù)和處置有關(guān)的成本項(xiàng)目非常多。與建筑物有關(guān)的成本通常分為以下類別：InitialCosts—Purchase,Acquisition,ConstructionCosts有眾多成本項(xiàng)目與建筑物或建筑系統(tǒng)的取得、經(jīng)營、維護(hù)和處置有關(guān)。EnergyCosts能源成本W(wǎng)atercosts水成本Operation,Maintenance,andRepairCosts操作、維護(hù)和維修成本ReplacementCosts更換成本ResidualValuesi.e.ResaleorSalvageValuesorDis
5、posalCosts殘余價值，例如轉(zhuǎn)售或殘料價值或處置成本Onlythosecostswithineachcategorythatarerelevanttothedecisionandsignificantinamountareneededtomakeavalidinvestmentdecision.Costsarerelevantwhentheyaredifferentforonealternativecomparedwithanother;costsaresignificantwhentheyarelargeenoughtomakeacredibledifferencei
6、ntheLCCofaprojectalternative.Allcostsareenteredasbase-yearamountsintoday'scurrencyvalue.各類別中的成本必須與決策相關(guān)并且金額可觀，否則無需為此做出有效的投資決策。成本的相關(guān)性是指兩種方案之間存在成本差異；而成本的可觀性則是指該成本足以在某種項(xiàng)目方案的生命周期成本中切實(shí)產(chǎn)生差異。所有成本均采用當(dāng)前貨幣價值，以基礎(chǔ)年金額的形式輸入。9葉予舜8/3/20219:08:54下午希爾頓酒店設(shè)計和施工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)EnergyandWaterCosts能源和水成本Operationalexpensesforen
7、ergy,water,andotherutilitiesarebasedonconsumption,currentrates,andpriceprojections.能源、用水和其他公用設(shè)施的運(yùn)行費(fèi)用均以用量、現(xiàn)價以及價格預(yù)期為基礎(chǔ)。Energyusage:Energycostsareoftendifficulttopredictaccuratelyinthedesignphaseofaproject.Assumptionsmustbemadeaboutuseprofiles,occupancyrate
