資源描述:
《【大二英語】【中國文化概況】中國文化概況期末考試復習資料》由會員上傳分享,免費在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在教育資源-天天文庫。
1、Chapter1AGeneralIntroductiontoChineseCultureWordsandExpressions:thedescendantsofYanandHuang炎黃子孫porcelain瓷器TheappellationofChinaChinesehistorybeganwithtwolegendaryfigures—EmperorHuangandEmperorYan,who,togetherwiththeirtribes,inhabitedthedrainageareaal
2、ongthemiddlereaches(中游)oftheYellowRiver.BythetimeofXiaDynasty,aftercenturiesoflivingsidebyside,thesetwotribeshadgraduallymergedinto(合并,融合)one.Consequently,theChinesepeopleusuallycallthemselves“thedescendantsofYanandHuang”.Peopleatthattimebelievedthat
3、thelandtheylivedonwasthecenteroftheworld,andcalledtheirstatethe"MiddleKingdom"(中國),thusgivingChinaitscountryname.Chinaistheappellationofourcountrygivenbyforeigners.TheporcelainchinaisthetransliterationoftheplacenameChangnan(昌南),whichwastheoldnameforJ
4、ingdezhen(景德鎮(zhèn)).TheporcelainmadeinChangnanwassmoothandbright,andearnedanothernameofartificialjade.ItbecamefamousbothhomeandabroadandwasexportedtoEuropeinlargequantities.InEurope,peopleregardedChangnanporcelainassomethingpreciousanddelicateandwouldtake
5、prideinpossessingone.Astimepassed,peopleinEuropeforgotthemeaningofChangnanandswitchedtheoriginalmeaningofporcelainoftheword“china”totheplaceofitsorigin.Chapter2ChinesePhilosophyandReligionPart1ChineseThoughtsandPhilosophyWordsandExpressions:Confucian
6、ism儒家Taoism道家TheAnalects《論語》benevolence仁慈,善行ritual禮制,儀式,慣例filialpiety孝,孝心TheDevelopmentofAncientChinesePhilosophyThephilosophyinPre-Qintimes(先秦子學)TheorthodoxphilosophyduringtheHanDynasty(兩漢經(jīng)學)MetaphysicsduringtheWeiandJindynasties(魏晉玄學)Thebuddhistphi
7、losophyduringtheSuiandTangdynasties(隋唐佛學)Neo-confucianisminSongandMingdynasties(宋明理學)ApplicationphilosophyintheMingandQingdynasties(明清實學)ThephilosophyinPre-Qintimes(先秦子學)ThephilosophyinPre-Qintimeswasmarkedbytheemergenceofvariousancientphilosophicalv
8、iews.ThemostinfluentialschoolswereConfucianism(儒家),Taoism(道家),Mohism(墨家)andLegalism(法家)1.ConfucianismConfucianismisaschoolofthoughtrepresentedbyConfuciusandMencius.ConfucianismhasinfluencedtheChineseforthousandsofyearsandisdeeplyrootedinChinesecultur