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1、Chapter1AGeneralIntroductiontoChineseCultureWordsandExpressions:thedescendantsofYanandHuang炎黃子孫porcelain瓷器TheappellationofChinaChinesehistorybeganwithtwolegendaryfigures—EmperorHuangandEmperorYan,who,togetherwiththeirtribes,inhabitedthedrainageareaal
2、ongthemiddlereaches（中游）oftheYellowRiver.BythetimeofXiaDynasty,aftercenturiesoflivingsidebyside,thesetwotribeshadgraduallymergedinto（合并，融合）one.Consequently,theChinesepeopleusuallycallthemselves“thedescendantsofYanandHuang”.Peopleatthattimebelievedthat
3、thelandtheylivedonwasthecenteroftheworld,andcalledtheirstatethe"MiddleKingdom"(中國),thusgivingChinaitscountryname.Chinaistheappellationofourcountrygivenbyforeigners.TheporcelainchinaisthetransliterationoftheplacenameChangnan(昌南),whichwastheoldnameforJ
4、ingdezhen（景德鎮(zhèn)）.TheporcelainmadeinChangnanwassmoothandbright,andearnedanothernameofartificialjade.ItbecamefamousbothhomeandabroadandwasexportedtoEuropeinlargequantities.InEurope,peopleregardedChangnanporcelainassomethingpreciousanddelicateandwouldtake
5、prideinpossessingone.Astimepassed,peopleinEuropeforgotthemeaningofChangnanandswitchedtheoriginalmeaningofporcelainoftheword“china”totheplaceofitsorigin.Chapter2ChinesePhilosophyandReligionPart1ChineseThoughtsandPhilosophyWordsandExpressions:Confucian
6、ism儒家Taoism道家TheAnalects《論語》benevolence仁慈，善行ritual禮制，儀式，慣例filialpiety孝，孝心TheDevelopmentofAncientChinesePhilosophyThephilosophyinPre-Qintimes(先秦子學)TheorthodoxphilosophyduringtheHanDynasty(兩漢經(jīng)學)MetaphysicsduringtheWeiandJindynasties(魏晉玄學)Thebuddhistphi
7、losophyduringtheSuiandTangdynasties(隋唐佛學)Neo-confucianisminSongandMingdynasties(宋明理學)ApplicationphilosophyintheMingandQingdynasties(明清實學)ThephilosophyinPre-Qintimes(先秦子學)ThephilosophyinPre-Qintimeswasmarkedbytheemergenceofvariousancientphilosophicalv
8、iews.ThemostinfluentialschoolswereConfucianism(儒家),Taoism(道家),Mohism(墨家)andLegalism(法家)1.ConfucianismConfucianismisaschoolofthoughtrepresentedbyConfuciusandMencius.ConfucianismhasinfluencedtheChineseforthousandsofyearsandisdeeplyrootedinChinesecultur
