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1、SurveyofSecurityIssuesinCognitiveRadioNetworks1SurveyofSecurityIssuesinCognitiveRadioNetworks112WassimEl-Hajj,HaidarSafa,MohsenGuizani1ComputerScienceDepartment,AmericanUniversityofBeirut,Lebanon2ComputerScienceDepartment,WesternMichiganUniversity,USA{we07,hs33}@aub.edu.lb,mguizani@ieee.orgAbstr
2、actnodesdiscoverwhitespacesbyperformingspectrumsensing;theabilitytoidentifyordetectholesinaspectrum.CognitiveRadio(CR)isanoveltechnologythatThetechniquesusedtomakeuseoftheseholesfallunderpromisestosolvethespectrumshortageproblembythetermDynamicSpectrumAccess(DSA).TheTwoallowingsecondaryuserstoco
3、existwithprimaryusersmostsignificantchallengesinCRNsare:Transparencytowithoutcausinginterferencetotheircommunication.primaryusersandnon-interference.AlthoughtheoperationalaspectsofCRarebeingexploredvigorously,itssecurityaspectshavegainedlittleattention.Inthispaper,abriefoverviewoftheCRtechnology
4、isprovidedfollowedbyadetailedanalysisofthesecurityattackstargetingCognitiveRadioNetworks(CRNs)alongwiththecorrespondingmitigationtechniques.Wecategorizetheattackswithrespecttothelayertheytargetstartingfromthephysicallayerandmovinguptothetransportlayer.Anevaluationofthesuggestedcountermeasuresisp
5、resentedalongwithothersolutionsandaugmentationstoachieveasecureandtrustedCRN.Keywords:Figure1SpectrumUtilizationMeasurement1IntroductionTheeverincreasingdemandofspectrumduetotheThesuccessfuldeploymentofCRNsincludestherapidintroductionofnovelwirelessapplicationshasledcorrectconstructionandmainten
6、anceofsecuritymeasurestheFederalCommunicationCommission(FCC)toapprovetocombatattackslaunchedagainstthem.WecategorizetheinSeptember2010newrulestoallowunlicensedusersattacksonCRNsintofourmajorclasses:PhysicalLayertoutilizethespectrumreservedforwirelessbroadbandattacks,LinkLayerattacks(alsoknownasM
7、ACattacks),services(300MHzand400MHz).ThetechnologyNetworklayerattacks,andTransportLayerattacks.IndevelopedtotakeadvantageofthisunusedspectrumisPhysicalLayer,wediscussPrimaryUserEmulation(PUE),CognitiveRadioNetworks(CRNs)whic
