Green Cellular Networks：A Survey, Some Research Issues and Challenges

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1、524IEEECOMMUNICATIONSSURVEYS&TUTORIALS,VOL.13,NO.4,FOURTHQUARTER2011GreenCellularNetworks:ASurvey,SomeResearchIssuesandChallengesZiaulHasan,StudentMember,IEEE,HamidrezaBoostanimehr,StudentMember,IEEE,andVijayK.Bhargava,Fellow,IEEEAbstract—Energyef?ciencyincellularnetwork

2、sisagrowingalsorepresentasigni?cantportionofnetworkoperators’concernforcellularoperatorstonotonlymaintainpro?tability,overallexpenditures(OPEX).WhiletheBSsconnectedtobutalsotoreducetheoverallenvironmenteffects.Thisemergingelectricalgridmaycostapproximately3000$peryeartot

3、rendofachievingenergyef?ciencyincellularnetworksisoperate,theoff-gridBSsinremoteareasgenerallyrunonmotivatingthestandardizationauthoritiesandnetworkoperatorstocontinuouslyexplorefuturetechnologiesinordertobringdieselpowergeneratorsandmaycosttentimesmore.improvementsinthe

4、entirenetworkinfrastructure.Inthisarticle,Therisingenergycostsandcarbonfootprintofoperatingwepresentabriefsurveyofmethodstoimprovethepowercellularnetworkshaveledtoanemergingtrendofaddressingef?ciencyofcellularnetworks,exploresomeresearchissuesandenergy-ef?ciencyamongstth

5、enetworkoperatorsandregu-challengesandsuggestsometechniquestoenableanenergyef?cientor“green”cellularnetwork.Sincebasestationsconsumelatorybodiessuchas3GPPandITU[4],[5].Thistrendamaximumportionofthetotalenergyusedinacellularsystem,hasstimulatedtheinterestofresearchersinan

6、innovativewewill?rstprovideacomprehensivesurveyontechniquestonewresearchareacalled“greencellularnetworks”.Inthisobtainenergysavingsinbasestations.Next,wediscusshowregard,theEuropeanCommissionhasrecentlystartednewheterogenousnetworkdeploymentbasedonmicro,picoandprojectswi

7、thinitsseventhFrameworkProgrammetoaddressfemtocellscanbeusedtoachievethisgoal.Sincecognitiveradioandcooperativerelayingareundisputedfuturetechnologiestheenergyef?ciencyofmobilecommunicationsystems,viz.inthisregard,weproposearesearchvisiontomakethese“EnergyAwareRadioandNe

8、TworkTecHnologies(EARTH)”,technologiesmoreenergyef?cient.Lastly,weexploresome“TowardsRealEnergy-ef?cien