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1、5VariationsinConsciousness?JeanPierreLascourmet/CorbisOntheNatureofConsciousnessMeditation:PureConsciousnessorRelaxation?VariationsinLevelsofAwarenessPhysiologicalCorrelatesTheEvolutionaryRootsofConsciousnessLong-TermBene?tsConsciousnessandBrainActivityAlteringConsciousnesswithDrugsBi
2、ologicalRhythmsandSleepPrincipalAbusedDrugsandTheirE?ectsTheRoleofCircadianRhythmsFactorsIn?uencingDrugE?ectsIgnoringCircadianRhythmsMechanismsofDrugActionRealigningCircadianRhythmsDrugDependenceDrugsandHealthTheSleepandWakingCycleCyclingThroughtheStagesofSleepRe?ectingontheChapter’sT
3、hemesAgeTrendsinSleepPERSONALAPPLICATION?AddressingPracticalQuestionsCultureandSleepAboutSleepandDreamsTheNeuralBasesofSleepCommonQuestionsAboutSleepTheEvolutionaryBasesofSleepCommonQuestionsAboutDreamsDoingWithout:SleepDeprivationCRITICALTHINKINGAPPLICATION?IsAlcoholismaFEATUREDSTUDY
4、?TheSurprisingCostsofSleepDisease?ThePowerofDe?nitionsDeprivationThePowertoMakeDe?nitionsProblemsintheNight:SleepDisordersDe?nitions,Labels,andCircularReasoningTheWorldofDreamsRecapTheContentsofDreamsLinksBetweenDreamsandWakingLifePracticeTestCultureandDreamsTheoriesofDreamingHypnosis
5、:AlteredConsciousnessorRolePlaying?HypnoticInductionandSusceptibilityHypnoticPhenomenaTheoriesofHypnosisNathanielKleitmanandEugeneAserinskycouldn’tmorerapideyemovement.Thisresultwassounex-believetheireyes—ortheirsubjects’eyes,either.Itpectedthattheyat?rstthoughttherecordingde-wasthesp
6、ringof1952,andKleitman,aphysiologistvicewasdefective.“Itwasaricketyoldthing,any-andprominentsleepresearcher,wasinvestigatingway,”atechnicianinKleitman’slabrecalled(Coren,theslow,rollingeyemovementsdisplayedbysub-1996,p.21).Onlywhentheydecidedtowalkinjectsattheonsetofsleep.Kleitmanhadb
7、eguntoandpersonallyobservesleepingsubjectsweretheywonderwhetherthesesloweyemovementswouldconvincedthattheeyemovementswerereal.Theshowupduringlaterphasesofsleep.Thetroublesubjectsweredeeplyasleep,yetthebulgesintheirwasthatwatchingasubject’sclosedeyelidsallnightclosedeyelidsshowedthatth
8、eirey