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1、Schr¨odingerCatStatesforQuantumInformationProcessingH.JeongandT.C.RalphDepartmentofPhysics,UniversityofQueensland,StLucia,Qld4072,Australia(Dated:August3,2011)WeextensivelydiscusshowSchr¨odingercatstates(superpositionsofwell-separatedcoherentstates)inopticalsystemscanbeusedforquantuminformatio
2、nprocessing.I.INTRODUCTIONi.e.,
3、hα
4、?αi
5、2≈0.Weidentifythetwocoherentstatesof±αasbasisstatesforalogicalqubitas
6、αi→
7、0LiIntheearlydaysofquantummechanicsmanyofitsand
8、?αi→
9、1Li,sothataqubitstateisrepresentedbyfoundersbecameveryworriedbysomeoftheparadoxi-calpredictionsthatemergedfromthoughtexperiments
10、
11、φi=A
12、0Li+B
13、1Li=A
14、αi+B
15、?αi.(2)basedonthenewtheory.Now,eightyyearson,someoftheseearlythoughtexperimentsarebeingexperimentallyThebasisstates,
16、αiand
17、?αi,canbeunambiguouslyrealized,andmorethanjustcon?rmingthefundamen-discriminatedbyasimplemeasurementschemewithatalsofthetheorytheyarealsobeingrecogn
18、izedasthe50-50beamsplitter,anauxiliarycoherent?eldofampli-basisof21stcenturytechnologies[14].Anexampleistudeαandtwophotodetectors[22].Atthebeamsplitter,theEPRparadox,proposedbyEinstein,Podolskyandthequbitstate
19、φi1ismixedwiththeauxiliarystate
20、αi2Rosenin1935[15],whichdiscussedthestrangeproper-an
21、dresultsintheoutputtiesofquantumentanglement.Today,entanglementhas√√beenobservedinoptical[1,28]andion[48]systemsand
22、φRiab=A
23、2αia
24、0ib+B
25、0ia
26、?2αib.(3)isrecognizedasaresourceformanyquantuminformationprocessingtasks[36].Thetwophotodetectoraresetformodesaandbre-AboutthesametimeastheEPRdiscussion,sp
27、ectively.IfdetectorAregistersanyphoton(s)whileSchr¨odingerproposedhisfamouscatparadox[52]thatdetectorBdoesnot,weknowthat
28、αiwasmeasured.highlightedtheunusualconsequencesofextendingtheOnthecontrary,ifAdoesnotclickwhileBdoes,theconceptofsuperpositiontomacroscopicallydistinguish-measurementoutcome
29、was
30、?αi.Eventhoughthereableobjects.Fromaquantumopticsviewpoint,theisnon-zeroprobabilityoffailureP(φ)=
31、h00
32、φi
33、2=fRR2usualparadigmistoconsidersuperpositionsofcoher-
34、A+B
35、2e?2αinwhichbothofthedetectorsdonotreg-entstateswithamplitudessu?cien
