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1、CanMelodramaCure?WarTraumaandCrisisofMasculinityinEarlyDEFAFilmANKEPINKERTUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-ChampaignAftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,thereconstructionofanantifascist-democraticsocietyinEasternGermanyrequiredthepoliticalandmoraltransformationofpeoplewhohadli
2、vedundertheThirdReichintonewantifascistcitizens.Thisprocesswasanenormouschallenge,especiallywithrespecttotheprisonersofwarreturningfromtheSovietUnion.FrankBiessdescribesthemas“mostlyloyalandideologicallycommittedsoldiersintheracialwarofexterminationontheeasternfrontw
3、here,asrecentresearchindicates,manyofthemhadalsobecomebystanders,accomplices,andperpetratorsofgenocidalwarfare”(144;cf.alsoBartov;HeerandNaumann).AsBiessshows,inremakingthereturneesintothe“PioneersofaNewGermany,”theSocialistUnityParty(SED)privilegedapseudoreligiousmo
4、delofconfession,conversion,andrebirth.PublicandcollectivedemonstrationsofthisradicaltransformationimpliedthatthepastofthereturningsoldierswhohadservedinthefascistWehrmachthadtoberelegatedtoapreviouslifethathadtobeleftbehind,ifnotforgotten(Biess160).The?lmcompanyDEFA,
5、licensedbytheSovietMilitaryAdministrationin1946–andevolvingintoaGerman-Sovietjoint-stockcompanyin1947andanEastGerman,state-ownedcompanyin1953–playedacrucialpublicroleinthisprocess.Speakingattheinauguralceremony,ColonelTulpanov,anof?cialoftheSovietmilitaryadministrati
6、on,remarkedthatDEFAfacedtheimportanttaskofremovingallvestigesoffascistandmilitaristideologyfromthemindsoftheGermanpeople(AllanandSandford3).Consequently,the?rst?lmsproducedbyDEFA,theso-calledrubble?lms,attemptedtodevelopa?lmlanguagethatwasstrongenoughtoconfronttherec
7、entGermanpastandtosupplynarrativesthatdealtwithindividualandcollectiveantifascisttransformation(Shandley24).Centraltothisprojectwastheproductionofanexemplarymaleantifascistsubjectivity.Thatis,inordertoreaf?rmthepatriarchalnotionofmalemastery,?lmsshowcasedhowmenreturn
8、ingfromwartranscendedtheirpastexperiencethrougha?rmcommitmenttotherebuildingofademocraticantifascistsociety.Yetwhatwe?ndinthecinema
