資源描述:
《participation of upper management and had inadequate policies for human resource development》由會員上傳分享,免費在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在教育資源-天天文庫。
1、Thepurposeofthisstudyofsmallfirmsistocomparetheprocessofinternationalizationintraditionalmanufacturingcompanieswithcorrespondingprocessesincompaniesorientedtowardinnovation.CasestudieswereconductedinsixsmallNordiccompanies:threeconventionalandthreeinnovative.Theunderlyingcon
2、ceptoftheconventionalcompaniesisstrictlyproductionoriented.Investmentinengineeringworkshopsandaneffectiveorganizationforproductionconstitutetheirmostimportantstrategy.Intheinnovativecompaniestheproductionequipmentisrelativelyeasytomove,andovertheyearsthesecompanieshavechange
3、dthelocationofproductionplantsanumberoftimes.Thebasicmeaningoftechnologyalsodiffersinthetwocategoriesofindustries.Theconventionalcompaniesarebasedonanestablishedtechnologythatcanbepurchasedthroughwell-knownmarketchannels.Intheinnovativecompaniestheprocessofdevelopingnewprodu
4、ctsorservingasintermediarybetweenresearchorganizationsandendusersdemandsclosecontactwithpeopleandorganizationsclosetothetechnologicalcoreoftheindustry.Theconventionalcompaniesareincorporatedintoamultidimensionalindustrialsystemofsuppliers,competitors,andothercompanies,andthe
5、individualcompanieswithintheseindustriesareconstrainedbytherulesdictatedbythesenetworks.Theinnovativecompaniesallhaveaconcentratedproductscope,whichimpliesthatitisrelativelyeasytoachieveefficiencyinvariousfunctionssuchasR&D,production,andmarketingactivities.Thiscleardistinct
6、ionbetweenfunctionshasbeenadvantageoustotheprocessofinternationalization.Theconventionalcompanieshavecharacteristicstypicaloffamily-controlledcompanies,i.e.,themanagementteamconsistsofahandfulofpeopleoftencloselyassociatedwiththeownerfamily.Theobservationontheindustrylevelth
7、atthegameisgovernedbysomeveryrigidrulesisalsoevidentonthemanagementlevel,wherethesignificantpeoplearealwayskeptwithinnarrowlimits.Theindividualsintheinnovativecompanieshaveaveryhighlevelofeducation;theyworkinteamstogetherwithpartnersfromothercompaniesand/ororganizationsandth
8、eyadheretohighprofessionaldemands.Theresultsfromthesesixcasestudiesindicate