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1、1.2SeparatingMatterOnanindustrialscale,thousandsoftonnesofmetalorearepulverizedandprocesseduntilpuremetaliseventuallyobtained.Drinkingwaterispurified,sewageisseparatedandtreated,andairisliquefiedandseparatedintoitscomponents.Tarsandisseparatedintosand,water,andtar(bitumen
2、).Thebitumen,likecrudeoil,isdistilled-separatedintoawidevarietyofsimilarcomponentssuchasgasoline,dieselfuel,andasphalt.Usemethanol(windshieldwasherantifreeze)andethyleneglycol(radiatorantifreeze)alongwithgasolineandoilinthecar.Separatingleftoverfood,dishes,andutensilsfrom
3、thewaste.Foodscrapsinthewastegotothecompostpile.Separatingtheglass,metal,plastics,andpaperwastethatarerecyclable.Thisprocessiscontinuedattherecyclingplantwheredifferentmetalandpaperproductatseparatedfromoneanother.TechniquesusedtoseparatematterMechanical:Oneormorecomponen
4、tsarepickedoutofthemixtureeithermanuallyorbyuseofamagnetfrosubstance(iron,cobalt,nickel)TechniqueusedtoseparatematterSettling:Someheterogeneousmixturescanbeseparatedbylettingoneofthecomponentssettletothebottom.Spinningthemixtureathighspeed(centrifuging)maybetoaccelerateth
5、isprocess.TechniquesusedtoseparatemattersFlotation:Oil,detergents,orotherchemicalsareaddedtotheheterogeneousmixtureandairisblownthrough.Thefrothcontainingthedesiredcomponentfloats,andusskimmedoffthesurface.Thistechniqueisusedtoconcentrateoreofzinc,copper,nickel,andlead,an
6、dtoseparatebitumen(tar)fromsand.TechniquesusedtoseparatemattersFiltration:aheterogeneousmixture,usuallyasolidinaliquidorgas,ispassedthroughascreenorfilter.Thesolidistrappedandseparatedfromtheliquidorgas.TechniquesusedtoseparatemattersExtraction:themixtureismixedwithasolve
7、ntthatdissolvesoneormore,butnotall,components.Forexample,tablesaltandsandcanbeseparatedbyusingwatertodissolve(extract)thesalt.TechniquesusedtoseparatethemattersFractionaldistillation:aliquidmixtureisboiledandoneormorecomponentsandseparatedastheyvaporizefromthemixtureatdif
8、ferenttemperature.TechniquesusedtoseparatethemattersCrystallization:adissolvedsolidisseparatedfr
