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1、實用文檔八下牛津英語語法講解與練習(xí)------被動語態(tài)一、各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時:am/is/are+動詞過去分詞Carsaremadebythem.一般過去時:was/were+動詞過去分詞TheMP3wasboughtbymyfather.一般將來時:will/shall/begoingtobe+動詞過去分詞??Thebridgewillbecompletedintendays.??現(xiàn)在完成時:have/hasbeen+動詞過去分詞Themeetinghasbeenputoff.二、含有情態(tài)動詞的
2、被動語態(tài)?含有情態(tài)動詞的主動句變成被動句時,由“情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成,原來帶to的情態(tài)動詞變成被動語態(tài)后“to”仍要保留。歌訣是:情態(tài)動詞變動,情態(tài)加be加“過分”。例如:?wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.→Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.We?mustfinishthisworksoon.→Thisworkmustbedonesoon.Wehavetocleantheclassroom.→Theclassroomhastobeclean
3、edbyus.三、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)需要注意的幾個問題.(1)時態(tài)保持一致。Ihaverepairedmycomputer.---Mycomputerhasbeenrepaired.??(2)如果要說出動作的執(zhí)行者,并且這個執(zhí)行者可以作主動語態(tài)中主語時,就用by短語,如果后面的詞表示地點,不是動作的執(zhí)行者,就用in短語。Itismadebyus.ItismadeinWuhan.(3)主動句的主語是代詞的主格形式,變成被動句by的賓語時要用其賓格形式。Hecleanedthecar.→Thecarwascle
4、anedbyhim.(4)疑問句的被動語態(tài),用be動詞的對應(yīng)形式代替doDoesshedrivethiscar?→Isthiscardrivenbyher?(5)謂語為動詞短語的被動語態(tài)不能丟掉動詞短語的介詞或副詞。Hisbestfriendoftenlooksafterhim.??--Heisoftenlookedafterbyhisbestfriend.(6)主動句中有一些動詞如buy,send,give,show,offer,tell,lend,teach等,帶有雙賓語,一個是直接賓語(指物),另一個
5、是間接賓語(指人),主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,可以把間接賓語變成主語,保留直接賓語,也可以把直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,保留間接賓語,但此時一般在間接賓語前加一個介詞。Myfathergavemeabook.→(1)Iwasgivenabookbymyfather.→(2)Abookwasgiventomebymyfather.Sheshowedmesomephotos.→(1)Iwasshownsomephotosbyher.→(2)Somephotoswereshowntomebyher.注意:有些雙賓語動詞,如d
6、o,pass,sell,send,sing,bring,write等,變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,通常以直接賓語作主語,保留間接賓語,其前面根據(jù)情況用介詞to或forShewrotemealetter.→Aletterwaswrittentomebyher.有些雙賓語動詞如answer,save,envy(羨慕)等,通常以間接賓語作被動語態(tài)主語,保留直接賓語。Heansweredmethatquestion.→Iwasansweredthatquestionbyhim.(7)主動語態(tài)句中使役動詞和感官動詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語為
7、不帶to的不定式,但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時要加上to,這類的動詞有make,have,let,notice,see,watch,lookat,?hear,listento,feelhelp等。Mr.Leemadehimwashthedishes.?→Hewasmadetowashthedishes.Isawaboycrossthestreet.→Aboywasseentocrossthestreet.文案大全實用文檔(8)Itissaidthat+從句及其他類似句型 一些表示“據(jù)說”或“相信”的動詞如believ
8、e,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It+be+過去分詞+that從句”或“主語+be+過去分詞+todosth.”。有: Itissaidthat…據(jù)說,Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報道,Itisbelievedthat…大家相信,Itishopedthat…大家希望,Itiswellknownthat…眾所周知,Itisthoughtt