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1、Phonetics■Phoneticsisthescieneeofspeechsounds.ItdealswiththesoundsystemofaIanguage?AIanguageconsistsofthreeimportantelements,namely,speechsound,vocabularyandgrammar.Speechsoundisthematerialformonwhichwordandgrammarrelyforexistenee.Englishphoneticscoversthearticulation,cla
2、ssificationandcombinationoftheEnglishspeechsounds.Italsodealswiththelawsoftheirchanges,therulesofstressesandtheintonationinEnglishspeech?■Tohavegoodpronunciationmeans(1)topronouncecorrectlyallthespeechsoundsoftheIanguageandallthecombinationsintheirproperordernotonlyinisol
3、atedwords,butalsoinsentences(2)topronouncesentencesfluentlyatthespeedrequiredbythesituation,withcorrectstresses,linkingofsounds,rhythm,pausesandintonation.■StandardEnglishpronunciationEnglishisaIanguagewhichismostwidelyusedintheworld.Itspronunciationvariesagreatdealindiff
4、erentgeographicalareas?ThusEnglishhasanumberofdialectsandaccents,suchasGA(GeneralAmerican),GB(GeneralBritish).Theyhavefarmoresimilaritiesthandifferences?ThusRP(ReceivedPronunciation)issortofEnglishbasedontheLondondialectandusedbyeducatedpeopleinsouthernEngland.Itisthepron
5、unciationusedbytheannouncersofBBCandalsowidelyusedthroughoutEnglish-speakingcountries?Phonetictrainscription國(guó)際音標(biāo)Onesymbolrepresentsonesoundandneveranyother.■Onesoundisoftenspeltinanumberofdifferentways:pitybusyprettywomen-[i]■Oneletteroftenstandsfordifferentsoundsindiffer
6、entwords?Chinafatherbadany[a:e]■Manylettersaremutesounds.knockdoubt-[k][b]■Thesamespellingmayhavetwodifferentpronunciationsaccordingtodifferentmeanings?bowtear■Wordsspeltindifferentwaysmayhavethesamepronunciation?[pi:s]-piecepeace■Phoneme(basicsound):phonemeisthesmallestp
7、honeticunitofIanguage.Itisdistinctive.■phonemecandistinguishonewordfromanotherbymeaningeg.fat[fat]fit[fit]feet[fi:t]■phonemecandistinguishthegrammaticalformofthesameword.manmentoothteethwalkswalkedcomecame■classificationofspeechsounds-consonants(28)voicelessIp/paper,pictu
8、re/Vwater,tomorrow/k/kick,worker/f/different,fashionIslsister,east/f/wash,shop/0/nothing,bothIts
