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1、Unit2Diction(遣詞用字)Somebackgroundinformationaboutthisunit:a)Nocontext,notext.b)Whatiscontext?Context,asthetermsuggests,referstoallthedifferentsituationsinvolvedinlanguagecommunication.語境，就是產(chǎn)生語言活動的環(huán)境，包括時間、空間、語言交際參與者及語言活動的目的等，反映在文字材料中也稱上下文。語境是一切語言活動存在的前提。Firth:eachwordwhenusedinanewcontexti
2、sanewword.Someexamples:?I’llfinishthebooknextweek.?“我”是誰？finish的具體措辭究竟是：看完、寫完、審?fù)辏?Tensionisbuildingup.形式緊張起來。/張力在增大。/電壓在增加。/壓力在增強。/血壓在增高。/氣壓在加強。/情緒越來越緊張。/緊張局勢在加劇。Withoutcontext,both“tension”and“buildup”mayhavevariousexplanations.?I’mthrough.通話完畢，結(jié)束了。(AmE)電話接通了。(BrE)1.EquivalencebetweenEn
3、glishandChineseatWordLevel1.1Word-for-wordequivalenceThisismostshowninpropernounsandtechnicalterms.?Marxism馬克思主義?Aspirin阿司匹林?Laser激光?Leukemia白血病1.2OnewordwithmultipleequivalentsofthesameThisisacommoncaseintranslation.?Wife:妻子、老婆、夫人、老伴、媳婦、愛人、內(nèi)人……?Potato:馬鈴薯、土豆、洋芋、山藥蛋……?人：humanbeing,man,pe
4、ople,person…?犬：dog,hound,spaniel,mastiff,pointer,setter,retriever,terrier…1.3OnewordwithseveralequivalentsofdifferentmeaningsThisisalsoverycommonintranslation.?cousin:堂兄、堂弟、堂姐、堂妹、表哥、表弟、表姐、表妹……?president:總統(tǒng)、主席、總裁、董事長、議長、會長、社長、校長……?carry:搬、運、送、提、拎、挑、擔(dān)、抬、背、扛、抱、摟、舉、端、夾、捧……?走：walk,saunter,amb
5、le,stride,trudge,shamble,prance,scamper,clump,tiptoe.?羊：sheep,goat,ram,ewe,lamb1.4Equivalentsinterwovenwithoneanother71.5WordswithoutcorrespondingequivalentsInthiscase,anexplanationisgiveninsteadofanequivalent.?teenager:13到19歲的青少年?cyberslacker:利用工作時間在公司上網(wǎng)、做與工作無關(guān)的事情的雇員?陰：yin(inChinesethou
6、ght)thesoftinactivefemaleprincipleorforceintheworld?陽：yang(inChinesethought)thestrongactivemaleprincipleorforceintheworld2.Methodsofdiscriminatingtheoriginalmeaningofagivenword2.1Accordingtowordformation?parabiospheric:外生物層的para-(outside),bio-(biologic),spheric(havingtheformofaphere)?pne
7、umonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokoniosis肺塵病，硅酸鹽沉著病pneumono(oflung)ultra(beyond)micro(verysmall)scopic(ofviewingorobserving)silico(ofsilicon)volcano(ofvolcano)coni(koni,ofdust)osis(formingthenameofadisease)2.2AccordingtothereferenceInmanycasesthemeaningofapronominalwordm
