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1、外文文獻翻譯原文及譯文標(biāo)題：Regulationbycontract:OverseeingPPPs作者：RuiCunhaMarques期刊：UtilitiesPolicy年份：2017字?jǐn)?shù)：譯文6000多字原文Regulationbycontract:OverseeingPPPsRuiCunhaMarques1IntroductionPublic-privatepartnership(PPPs)arrangementsareincreasinglyadoptedtodevelopinfrastructureandprovidepublicservices(
2、HodgeandGreve,2007)?Whateverthenatureoftheprojectandwhereveritiscarriedout,thisoptionisalwaysavailable.Infact,PPPprojectsmightofferseveralbenefitsandprovidevalueformoneyifconvenientlydeveloped(Yescombe,2007).Thestrongpointsofthisprocurementmodelcanbeobservedinthedifferentstagesoft
3、heproject.Intheprojectpreparationbeforethepublictenderstage,PPPsdemandstudiesthatimprovetheknowledgeandqualityoftheproject,whichoftenarenotcarriedoutintraditionalpublicprocurement(publicworks).PPPsembracealifecycleapproachthatreducesthelifecyclecostsoftheprojectandallowsbetterplan
4、ning,workprogrammingandfairandreasonablerisksharing,minimizingaproject'seconomiccost(MarquesandBerg,2011).Inthepublictenderstage,PPPprojectsareusuallycompetitiveandcanreducethepossibilityofoverprofitsorexcessiverents.Mostofthepublictenderscompriseseveralcompetitivestages,including
5、anegotiationstageandabestandfinaloffer(BAFO)withoneortwocompetitors,thusstimulatingthecompetitionbetweenthem.Additionally,theknow-howandinnovationthatcharacterizeprivatecompaniesareencouraged,resultingincheaperandbetterproposalsandinagreatervalueformoneyofthePPPproject(Siemiatycki
6、andFarooqi,2012).Finally,atthecontractexecutionstage,theprivatesectorcontinuestoinnovateanduseitsknow-howtocomplywithandexceedthetargetsdefinedinthecontract(YuanandZhang,2016).Asarule,thecontractpaysperperformance(output-orientedapproachinsteadofinput-orientedasiscommoninpublicwor
7、ks)andworksasapricecap.Outcomesexceedingthetargetspredictedareretained,atleastpartially,bytheprivatesecto匸Therefore,deliveringprojectsontimeandwithinbudgetismorelikelyinPPParrangements(BurgerandHawkesworth,2011).Theseincentivesarealsogoodforthepublicsectornotonlybecausetheunpredic
8、tedgainsarefrequentlysharedbutals
