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1、HistoricalMaterialism15(2007)255–262www.brill.nl/himaEarththathadpreviouslybeendeemedmostinfe-rior(andforwhichnorenthadbeenchargedA:ard.–G:Erde.–F:terre.–R:zemlja,.previously),andtherentofallofthemorefer-Zemllja.–S:tierra.–C:diqiutilelandswouldriseaswellinproportiontotheirfertility(abstractingfro
2、mthequestionof1.Inclassicalpoliticaleconomytheconceptlocationwhichalsohasanin?uenceontheofearth(orsoil)wasidenti?edwithwhatlevelofrent).Hence,behindtheentireRicard-AdamSmithcalled‘thepowersofnature,theiantheoryofrentlayanassumptionthatrentuseofwhichthelandlordlendstothefarmer.’wasgovernedbyasuppo
3、sednatural‘lawofRent,Smithcontended,was‘greaterorsmallerdiminishingreturns’whichclaimedthat,asaccordingtotheextentofthosepowers,orinpopulationexpanded,landofmoreandmoreotherwords,accordingtothesupposednatu-inferiorquality–thatis,lessfertile–wouldberalorimprovedfertilityoftheland’(Smithbroughtinto
4、cultivation,therebyreducingthe1937,344–5).DavidRicardode?nedrentasproductivityoflabourappliedtotheland;‘thatportionoftheproduceoftheearth,whiletheapplicationofcapitalfor‘improve-whichispaidtothelandlordfortheuseofthement’onthemorefertilelandswouldalsofalloriginalandindestructiblepowersofthesoil’p
5、reytodiminishingmarginalproductivity.(Ricardo1951,67).Land–thefertilityofIn?atedcornprices,whichmadeitmorewhichcouldbeattributedtothenaturalpow-expensiveforindustrialiststomeetthesubsis-ersoftheearthorsoil–wasdistinguished,intenceneedsofindustrialworkers,werethethewritingsofRicardoandotherclassic
6、alresult.ThisgeneralanalysiswascloselyrelatedpoliticaleconomistssuchasJ.B.SayandJohnto(andinmanywaysledto)thenotionofaStuartMill,bythefactthatitwastheonlytendentiallawofthefallingrateofpro?t,‘naturalaid’toproductionthatenteredintocharacteristicofclassicalpoliticaleconomytheformationofprices.Thisw
7、asduetoits(Lebowitz,1982).ItalsofedintoMalthusianscarcityandthefactthatitcouldbeappropri-concernsregardingtheoverpopulationoftheated.Althoughairandwater,Ricardoargued,earth.Itwasbecauseofthisgeneralorienta-areindispens
