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1、液體射流霧化是自然界普遍存在的現(xiàn)象,在各工程領(lǐng)域中也有著極為廣泛的應(yīng)用。噴嘴是實現(xiàn)射流霧化的主要元件,隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展,各種型式的噴嘴相繼問世,但許多結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,生產(chǎn)加工難度大,或者需要附加外部輔助裝置,其發(fā)展和應(yīng)用空間無疑會受到很大的限制。為了改善液體射流的霧化質(zhì)量,一種重要的方法是提高液體噴射的系統(tǒng)壓力,但這種措施在改善液體霧化質(zhì)量的同時也會附帶產(chǎn)生一些新的問題,如系統(tǒng)可靠性的降低及成本的提高等。針對這種情況,本文提出利用自激振蕩脈沖射流噴嘴來改善射流霧化質(zhì)量的設(shè)想,該噴嘴結(jié)構(gòu)簡單。同時建立了
2、射流霧化實驗系統(tǒng),探討了系統(tǒng)壓力對射流外部霧化特征參數(shù)的影響規(guī)律,并與傳統(tǒng)的連續(xù)射流噴嘴、渦流噴嘴的霧化效果進行了對比。本文探討了液體射流的霧化機理和自激振蕩脈沖射流的基本理論。分析了影響射流霧化的各種因素和作用原理,以及如何獲得更好的壓力振蕩使液體射流達到更好的霧化效果。通過實驗研究射流外部霧化特征參數(shù)(霧化距離、霧化錐角、霧化細度)隨系統(tǒng)壓力的變化規(guī)律,在相同的系統(tǒng)壓力下,渦流噴嘴的霧化錐角最大,但是自激振蕩脈沖射流噴嘴的霧化距離最長,霧化細度最小。實驗結(jié)果表明,在同等條件下,自激振蕩脈沖射流噴嘴
3、具有最佳的霧化效果。關(guān)鍵詞:自激振蕩脈沖射流,噴嘴,霧化,射流ABSTRACTLiquidjetisawidespreadphenomenoninnatureandalsohasaverywiderangeofapplicationsinvariousengineeringfields.Nozzleisthekeycomponenttorealizeatomization,withtherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,varioustypesofnozzl
4、eshavebeencreated,butmanyhavecomplexstructureorrequireadditionalexternalauxiliarydevices,whichleadtodifficultprocessing,sothedevelopmentandapplicationwillnodoubtbesignificantlyrestricted.Nozzleisthekeycomponenttorealizeatomizationjnordertoimprovethequal
5、ityoftheliquidjetatomization,Animportantwayistoincreasethesystempressureofthefluidjet,However,Thismeasurewillalsogeneratesomenewproblemswhileimprovingtheatomizationqualityoftheliquidjet,Suchasthedecliningofsystemreliabilityandtherisingofcost.Underthesec
6、ircumstances,theuseofself-excitedoscillationpulsedwaterjetnozzletoimprovethequalityofthejetatomizationisproposedinthisdissertation9thenozzlestructrueissimple.Theexperimentalsystemofjetatomizationisestablished,Thevariationoftheexternaljetcharacteristicpa
7、rameterswithsystempressureisalsoexplored,Theatomizationeffectiscomparedwiththatofthecontinuous-jetnozzleandswirl-atomizer.Themechanismofliquidjetatomizationandbasictheoryofselfexcitedoscillationpulsedwaterjetwerepresented,thefactorsaffectingthejetatomi
8、zationandtheactionprinciplewerealsoanalysed,Andhowtogetbetterpressureoscillationsinordertoachievethebestatomizationeffectoftheliquidjet.Theexperimentalstudyofthevariationofexternaljetcharacteristicparameters(spraydistance,aprayan