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1、Chapter25 MultiethnicLiteratureAfricanAmericanLiterature1.BriefIntroductiontotheHistoryAfrican-AmericanliteratureisthebodyofliteratureproducedintheUnitedStatesbywritersofAfricandescent.Thegenretracesitsoriginstotheworksofsuchlate18thcenturywritersasPhillisWheatleyandOlaud
2、ahEquiano,reachingearlyhighpointswithslavenarrativesandtheHarlemRenaissance,andcontinuingtodaywithauthorssuchasToniMorrison,MayaAngelouandWalterMosleybeingrankedamongthetopwritersintheUnitedStates.1.BriefIntroductiontotheHistoryAmongthethemesandissuesexploredinAfricanAmer
3、icanliteraturearetheroleofAfricanAmericanswithinthelargerAmericansociety,African-Americanculture,racism,slavery,andequality.AfricanAmericanwritinghasalsotendedtoincorporatewithinitselforalformssuchasspirituals,sermons,gospelmusic,bluesandrap.2.LongProcessofEvolutionEarlyS
4、tage:Oraltradition(songs,balladsandspirituals)18thcentury:AbolitionistmovementandtheCivilWarMid-19thcentury;()Laterpartofthe19thcenturyandtheearly1920s(HarlemRenaisssance)3.ThreeRepresentativeWorks1940:NativeSon《土生子》（P513）--RichardWright1952:InvisibleMan《隱形人》--RalphElliso
5、n1977:SongofSolomon《所羅門之歌》--ToniMorrison4.ToniMorrison(1931–)AmericanwriterToniMorrisonwonthe1993NobelPrizeforliterature,theeighthwomanandthefirstblackwomantoreceivetheprize. MorrisonwritesaboutAfricanAmericanwomen,celebratingtheirstrengthandvitalityandrevealingtheirstrug
6、gles.ShewonthePulitzerPrizein1988forBeloved(1987),whichexploredtheeffectsofslaveryonaformerslavelivinginOhioaftertheAmericanCivilWar.Otherworks,includingSongofSolomon(1977)andJazz(1992),focusonthepowerfulculturalheritageofAfricanAmericans4.2MajorWorks4.3lifeandCareerBorni
7、nLorain,Ohio,grewupduringtheGreatDepressionofthe1930sinapoorandclose-knitfamily.In1949sheenteredHowardUniversity,whereshebecameinterestedintheaterandjoinedadramagroup,theHowardUniversityPlayers.MorrisonwentontoearnanM.A.degreeinEnglishatCornellUniversityin1955.Shesubseque
8、ntlytaughtatTexasSouthernUniversityfrom1955to1957andthenatHowardUniversityfrom1957to1964.Whileat
