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1、研究方法與實(shí)例簡(jiǎn)介中山醫(yī)學(xué)大學(xué)心理系何明洲如要採(cǎi)用，請(qǐng)告知作者，並註明出處大綱實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)簡(jiǎn)介Within-subjectdesignSinglefactorMultiplefactorsBetween-subjectdesignMixeddesign論文實(shí)例介紹研究之初研究問題的建立與改變同一個(gè)研究問題細(xì)分成許多不同的研究方向來檢驗(yàn)此問題不同的研究方向延伸出其他的研究問題匯集而成的研究成果，逐漸建立理論再由理論延伸出相關(guān)問題實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)簡(jiǎn)介Within-SubjectDesignAlsocalledrepeated-measures
2、designExperimenttimeisusuallybrief(<30minutes)Goodwhenthepopulationofinterestisscarce例如：betelnutchewerWithin-SubjectDesignNoneedtoworryaboutequivalentgroupproblemStatistically,removethevarianceduetotheindividualdifferencefromthenonsystematicerror,increasingtheprobab
3、ilitytorejectnullhypothesisTreatmentSubject123Mean12474.33210121311.67322293027.00430313431.67Mean16192118.67SSbetweensubjNOdifferencebetweentreatmentsduetosubjectdifference∵within-treatmenterrorsincludebetween-subjectdifferenceCounterbalance Testingoncepercondition
4、Completecounterbalance2conditions:2!=2orders(atleast2participants),[1,2][2,1]3conditions:3!=6orders(atleast6participants),[1,2,3][1,3,2][2,1,3][2,3,1][3,1,2][3,2,1]4conditions:4!=24orders(atleast24participants)10conditions:10!=3628800ordersGOODforfewerconditionsCoun
5、terbalanceCounterbalanceManyconditions(e.g.,>3):UsepartialcounterbalancingLatinsquares：1.eachconditionappearsonceineachrawandcolumn;2.EachconditionprecedesandfollowseachconditiononetimeBlockrandomizationBlockrandomization：當(dāng)每一種情境出現(xiàn)的次數(shù)超過一次時(shí)，可使用此法Ineachblock，conditiono
6、rdersarerandomized3conditions(A,B,C)A-C-BBlock1Block2Ax3Bx3Cx3Ax3Bx3Cx3Block1Block2C-B-ABlockrandomization情緒刺激（雙字詞或臉）x情緒種類（中性、恐懼或高興）x5repetitions(trials)6(2x3)conditions,eachrepeats5times共2x3x5=30trials分兩個(gè)block進(jìn)行，一個(gè)block有30trials。故實(shí)驗(yàn)共有60trials(30trialsx2blocks)Ax5Bx
7、5Cx5Dx5Ex5Fx5Ax5Bx5Cx5Dx5Ex5Fx5Block1Block2臉詞中性AD恐懼BE高興CFBlockrandomization可和counterbalancing搭配情緒刺激（雙字詞或臉）x情緒種類（中性、恐懼或高興）x5repetitions(trials)Firstblock:雙字詞（15trials=3x5）Secondblock:臉（15trials=3x5）completecounterbalance?[1,2][2,1]看實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果來判斷是否和counterbalancing搭配Ax5Bx5C
8、x5Ax5Bx5Cx5Block1Block2臉詞Ax5Bx5Cx5Ax5Bx5Cx5Block1Block2臉詞Within-Subjects,SinglefactorWithin-Subjects,Singlefactor2levelsLeeandAronson(1974
