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1、Chapter4生醫(yī)材料概論臺(tái)大醫(yī)學(xué)院醫(yī)學(xué)工程研究所黃義侑4?1生醫(yī)材料：醫(yī)療上之材料，用以與生體組織、體液、或血液等接觸，且不會(huì)產(chǎn)生副作用之惰性材料?？赡苁侵苯又踩氲缴眢w內(nèi)，或只與生體組織、體液、或血液等接觸而已。例如：靜脈導(dǎo)管、人造皮膚、人工關(guān)節(jié)、人工瓣膜、人造血管、人工腎臟等。4.1.1生醫(yī)材料的分類：1.天然材料（生物材料）。2.高分子材料（人工合成材料）。3.金屬、陶瓷材料等。4.1.2生醫(yī)材料的用途:1.用來做生物補(bǔ)綴物。2.替代組織器官。例如：人工關(guān)節(jié)、人工瓣膜、人工腎臟等。3.診療用品等。例如：血袋、導(dǎo)管
2、等。4.或外科手術(shù)用品等。例如：縫線、止血物等。4.1.3生物性生醫(yī)材料1.蛋白質(zhì)。例如：明膠、原蛋白等2.多糖類物質(zhì)。例如：澱粉、糊精等。3.聚氨基酸等。4.1.4髙分子生醫(yī)材!1.生分解性高分子。例如：聚乳酸PLA、聚甘酸PGA、聚己內(nèi)酯Poly-e-caprolactone等。1.水膠。例如：丙烯酸系列水膠，HEMAo2.矽（橡）膠。3.聚峻酯。等4丄5金屬、陶瓷之生醫(yī)材料:1.不緇鋼。例如：316L骨釘、骨板。2.鉛、路合金，欽合金等。例如：人工體關(guān)節(jié)。3.陶瓷材料。例如：氫氧基磷灰石、生醫(yī)玻璃陶瓷等。4.2生醫(yī)
3、材料“-History:1.TheRomans,Chinese,andAztecusedgoldindentistrymorethan2000yearsago.Throughmuchofrecordedhistory,glasseyesandwoodenteethhavebeenincommonuse.絲、貓腸線2.Attheturnofthiscentury,syntheticplasticsbecameavailable?Theireaseoffabricationledtomanyimplantationexper
4、iments,mostofthem,inlightofourcontemporaryunderstandingofbiomaterialstoxicology,doomedtofailure.3.In1937,Poly(methylmethacrylate)(PMMA)wasintroducedindentistry.4.DuringWorldWarII,shardsofPMMAfromshatteredgunnerytun*ets,unintentionallyimplantedintheeyesofaviators,
5、suggestedthatsomematerialsmightevokeonlyamildforeignbodyreaction.5.JustafterWorldWarII,Voorheesexperimentedwithparachutecloth(VinyonN)asavascularprosthesis.6.In1958,inacardiovascularsurgerytextbookbyRob,thesuggestionwasofferedthatsurgeonsmightvisittheirlocaldrape
6、r'sshopandpurchaseDacronfabricthatcouldbecutwithpinkingshearstofabricateanarterialprosthesis.7.Intheearly1960sChamleyusedPMMA,ultrahigholecular?weightpolyethylene,andstainlesssteelfortotalhipreplacement.4.3BIOMATERIALSAlthoughbiomaterialsareprimarilyusedformedica
7、lapplications,theyarealsousedtogrowcellsinculture,inapparatusforhandlingproteinsinthelaboratory,indevicestoregulatefertilityincattle,intheaquacultureofoysters,andpossiblyinthenearfuturetheywillbeusedinacell-silicon"biochip"thatwouldbeintegratedintocomputers.Commo
8、nproblem:theinteractionbetweenbiologicalsystemsandsynthetic(ormodifiednatural)materials.材料作為醫(yī)用材料時(shí)需進(jìn)行哪些測(cè)試?MedicaldevicecategorizationbyBiologicaleffect■Natureof
