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1、摘要隨著科技的發(fā)展,天然鱗片石墨已被廣泛應用于化工、機械、冶金等眾多領域,尤其是石墨制品及其復合材料應用更為廣泛,這種石墨制品及其復合材料對石墨純度要求很高,含碳量大都在99%以上。浮選法雖然工藝簡單、成本低,但遠達不到品味要求。而堿酸法、氫氟酸法等幾種目前較為常用的高純石墨的生產方法,從設備、工藝技術上都不是很成熟,因此有必要針對高純石墨制備工藝進行研究,安全高效綠色制備石墨原料。鎢酸、磷鎢酸、磷鉬酸是酸性稍弱于氫氟酸的強酸,無毒,腐蝕性小,實驗分別研究了這幾種強酸提純天然鱗片石墨,得出磷鎢酸在90℃與石墨以質量比1:1混合均勻攪拌3.5h為較佳工藝條件,可將97.2
2、8%的高碳石墨提純到99.05%的高純石墨。在解決石墨純度問題的同時,更降低了對環(huán)境的污染及人體的傷害,引領石墨產業(yè)健康、有序、可持續(xù)發(fā)展。關鍵詞:天然鱗片石墨;提純;鎢酸;磷鎢酸;磷鉬酸29AbstractAlongwiththedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,naturalflakegraphiteiswidelyusedinmanyfieldssuchaschemical,mechanical,metallurgical,graphiteproductsanditscompositematerialsismorewidelyap
3、plied.Inparticular,thehighrequirementofgraphiteproductsanditscompositematerialtothepurityofgraphite,carboncontentabove99%mostly.Flotationmethod,thoughsimpleprocessandlowcost,farshortoftasterequirements.Alkaliacidandhydrofluoricacidandsoonseveralcommonlyusedonesareofhighpuritygraphiteprod
4、uctionmethodsisnotverymaturefromtheequipmentandprocesstechnology,soitisnecessaryforhighpuritygraphitetostudythepreparationtechnology,safeandefficientgreenpreparationofgraphitematerials.Tungstenacid,phosphotungsticacidandphosphorusisslightlyweakacidicmolybdateinhydrofluoricacid,non-toxic,
5、corrosivesmall,theexperimentrespectivelystudiedtheseveralacidpurifiednaturalflakegraphite,phosphotungsticacidat90℃andgraphitetomassratioof1:1mixedevenlymixing3.5hforbetterprocessconditions,highcarbongraphitepurificationcanbe97.28%to99.05%ofhighpuritygraphite.Intosolvetheproblemsofthepuri
6、tyofgraphite,andreducethepollutiontotheenvironmentandhurthumanbody,leadingthegraphiteindustryhealthyandorderlyandsustainabledevelopment.Keywords:NaturalFlakeGraphite,Purification,TungstenAcid,PhosphotungsticAcid,PhosphomolybdicAcid29目錄摘要..……………………………………………………………….IAbstract………….…………………………
7、……………..………....II第1章緒論………………………………….…………...………….11.1石墨的晶體結構、性質與用途21.1.1石墨的晶體結構21.1.2石墨的工業(yè)分類31.1.3石墨的性能特點51.1.4石墨的應用61.2石墨提純工藝研究現(xiàn)狀61.2.1浮選法71.2.2堿酸法71.2.3氫氟酸法81.2.4氯化焙燒法91.2.5高溫法91.3天然鱗片石墨發(fā)展前景101.4實驗目的及內容101.4.1實驗目的及意義101.4.2實驗內容10第2章實驗方法及材料……………………………………………112.1實驗儀器及藥品112.