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1、外文翻譯原文CityLogisticsMaterialSource:TheGeographyofAuthor:LaetitiaDablanc,TransportSystemJean-PaulRodrigue1.OverviewCityLogisticsisarelativelynewfieldofinvestigationbroughtbythechallengesofmovinggrowingquantitiesoffreightwithinmetropolitanareas.Itthusconcernsurb
2、anfreightdistribution.Whilecities,particularlysincetheindustrialrevolution,havealwaysbeenimportantproducersandconsumersoffreight,muchoftheseactivitiesweretakingplaceinproximitytomajortransportterminals,suchasportsandrailyards,withlimitedquantitiesoffreightent
3、eringthecityperse.Thefunctionalspecializationofcities,theglobaldivisionofproduction,theriseofserviceactivitiesaswellasincreasingstandardsoflivingareallcorrelatedwithahigherdemandfortransportandlogisticsservicesincities,ahigherfrequencyofdeliveries,andlargerqu
4、antitiesoffreightshipmentscomingfrom,boundtoortransitingthroughurbanareas.Citylogistics.Theprocessfortotallyoptimizingthelogisticsandtransportactivitiesbyprivatecompaniesinurbanareaswhileconsideringthetrafficenvironment,thetrafficcongestionandenergyconsumptio
5、nwithintheframeworkofamarketeconomy.2.TheDiversityofUrbanFreightDistributionSincecitiesthroughouthaveadifferentbuiltenvironment,soaretheirfreighttransportandlogisticsactivities.Freightstrategieshavedependedonlocaleconomic,geographic,andculturalcharacteristics
6、.Forexample,ChicagohasbeenpreoccupiedwithmaintainingitsroleasamajorrailhubforNorthAmerica,andisthusconcernedaboutrailfreightmovementsbetweenthenumerousrailterminalslocatedwithinthecity,manyofwhichdonebytrucks.LosAngelesisprimarilyconcernedwithairpollution,and
7、thustargetsurbantruckingassociatedwiththeportsofLongBeachandLosAngeles.Shanghaiisbecomingthelargestcargoportintheworldandthefactthatmorethan13%ofShanghai'sGDPisvalueaddedbylogisticsunderscoresthecity’svocationasatransporthub.Still,allurbanfreightdistributions
8、ystemsinvolvethefollowingsupplychains,eachofvariousimportancedependingontheurbansetting:Independentretailing.Concernsawidevarietyofretailingactivities,oftenofsmallscale(singlestore)andwhi
