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1、第22卷第1期載人航天Vol.22No.12016年2月MannedSpaceflightFeb.2016基于PSO優(yōu)化算法的空間機(jī)械臂振動(dòng)抑制研究112辛鵬飛,榮吉利,楊永泰(1.北京理工大學(xué)宇航學(xué)院力學(xué)系,北京100081;2.泉州裝備制造研究所,中科院海西研究院,泉州362000)摘要:針對(duì)空間柔性機(jī)械臂的末端殘余振動(dòng)抑制問題,提出了一種基于逆運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析和粒子群優(yōu)化算法的柔性機(jī)械臂笛卡爾空間軌跡規(guī)劃和振動(dòng)抑制的新方法。采用自然坐標(biāo)法和絕對(duì)節(jié)點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)法分別對(duì)柔性關(guān)節(jié)、柔性臂桿進(jìn)行動(dòng)力學(xué)建模,最終得到全面考慮柔性特性的柔性機(jī)械臂動(dòng)力學(xué)模型;針對(duì)機(jī)械臂末端笛卡爾空間“點(diǎn)到
2、點(diǎn)”和“靜止到靜止”的規(guī)劃運(yùn)動(dòng),采用五次多項(xiàng)式函數(shù)對(duì)末端軌跡進(jìn)行離散規(guī)劃,并通過逆運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)理論分析求解得到含冗余參數(shù)的關(guān)節(jié)空間電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)軌跡;采用粒子群優(yōu)化算法(PSO),將滿足機(jī)械臂末端振動(dòng)最小化的軌跡規(guī)劃問題轉(zhuǎn)換為待定冗余參數(shù)的優(yōu)化問題,并迭代優(yōu)化求解該參數(shù);最后以三自由度柔性機(jī)械臂開展仿真研究。仿真結(jié)果表明,提出的規(guī)劃方法具有很高的收斂速度,節(jié)約了計(jì)算時(shí)間;能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)預(yù)定的機(jī)械臂軌跡規(guī)劃;對(duì)機(jī)械臂末端點(diǎn)的殘余振動(dòng)能夠進(jìn)行有效地抑制。關(guān)鍵詞:柔性機(jī)械臂;軌跡規(guī)劃;振動(dòng)抑制;逆運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué);粒子群算法中圖分類號(hào):O313暢7文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A文章編號(hào):1674-5825(2016)0
3、1-0023-06ResearchonVibrationSuppressionofSpaceManipulatorBasedonPSOAlgorithm112XINPengfei,RONGJili,YANGYongtai(1.DepartmentofMechanics,SchoolofAerospaceEngineering,BeijingInstituteofTechnology,Beijing100081,China;2.QuanzhouInstituteofEquipmentManufacturing,HaixiInstitutes,ChineseAcademyo
4、fSciences,Quanzhou362000,China)Abstract:Anewmethodoftrajectoryplanningandvibrationsuppressionfortheflexiblemanipulatorbasedoninversekinematicsanalysisandparticleswarmoptimization(PSO)algorithminCartesianspacewasproposedinthispaper.Naturalcoordinateformulation(NCF)andabsolutenodalcoordi-n
5、ateformulation(ANCF)wereemployedtomodelflexiblejointsandflexiblelinksrespectivelybasedondynamicsanalysis.Inthepoint-to-pointandrest-to-restplanningmovementoftheendpointofspacemanipulatorintheCartesianspace,thefifth-polynomialfunctionwasusedtodiscretetheplanningtrajectory,andthentheinvers
6、ekinematicswassolvedwhichresultedinjointtrajectoriesincludingredundantparametersinthejointspace.UsingthePSOalgorithm,theproblemofminimi-zingtheresidualvibrationattheendpointofthespacemanipulatorwasconvertedintoanoptimiza-tionproblemoftheredundantparameters.Theflexiblemanipulatorwiththree
7、degreesoffreedomwasmodeledtocarryoutthesimulationresearch.Thesimulationresultsshowedthattheproposedplanningmethodhadhighconvergencespeed,thuscouldsavethecomputingtimegreatly;Spacemanipulatorcouldachievepredeterminedtrajectoryplanningandeffectivelysuppresstheresidualvi-bra