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1、THENATUREOFRATIONALITYThispageintentionallyleftblankTHENATUREOFRATIONALITYRobertNozickPRINCETONUNIVERSITYPRESSPRINCETON,NEWJERSEYCOPYRIGHT?1993BYROBERTNOZICKPUBLISHEDBYPRINCETONUNIVERSITYPRESS,41WILLIAMSTREET,PRINCETON,NEWJERSEY08540INTHEUNITEDKINGDOM:PRINCETONUNIVERSITYPRESS,CHICHESTER,WESTSUSSEX
2、ALLRIGHTSRESERVEDLIBRARYOFCONGRESSCATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATIONDATANOZICK,ROBERT.THENATUREOFRATIONALITY/ROBERTNOZICK.P.CM.INCLUDESINDEX.ISBN0-691-07424-01.REASONING.2.REASON.I.TITLE.BC177.N691993128￠.3—dc2092-46660THISBOOKHASBEENCOMPOSEDINADOBEPALATINOPRINCETONUNIVERSITYPRESSBOOKSAREPRINTEDONACID-FREE
3、PAPERANDMEETTHEGUIDELINESFORPERMANENCEANDDURABILITYOFTHECOMMITTEEONPRODUCTIONGUIDELINESFORBOOKLONGEVITYOFTHECOUNCILONLIBRARYRESOURCESPRINTEDINTHEUNITEDSTATESOFAMERICA13579108642ToCarlHempelANDTOTHEMEMORYOFGregoryVlastosThispageintentionallyleftblankCONTENTSACKNOWLEDGMENTSixINTRODUCTIONxiI.HowtoDoT
4、hingswithPrinciples3IntellectualFunctions3InterpersonalFunctions9PersonalFunctions12OvercomingTemptation14SunkCosts21SymbolicUtility26TeleologicalDevices35II.Decision-Value41Newcomb’sProblem41Prisoner’sDilemma50FinerDistinctions:ConsequencesandGoals59III.RationalBelief64CognitiveGoals67Responsiven
5、esstoReasons71RulesofRationality75Belief93Bias100IV.EvolutionaryReasons107ReasonsandFacts107FitnessandFunction114Rationality’sFunction119V.InstrumentalRationalityandItsLimits133IsInstrumentalRationalityEnough?133RationalPreferences139Testability,Interpretation,andConditionalization151Philosophical
6、Heuristics163Rationality’sImagination172viiiCONTENTSNOTES183SUBJECTINDEX219INDEXOFNAMES224ACKNOWLEDGMENTSHEFIRSTtwochaptersofthisbookwereoriginallydeliveredasTTannerLecturesatPrincetonUniversityonNovember13and15,1991.IhadbeenagraduatestudentatPrinceton,andthelectureswerededicated,asisthisbook,tomy
7、teachersthere.Chapters1and2arereprintedwiththepermissionoftheUniversityofUtahPressfromtheTannerLecturesonHumanValues,vol.14(SaltLakeCity:UniversityofUtahPress,?1992).(Someadditionsandchangeshavebeenmadeintheversi
