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1、高中定語(yǔ)從句詳細(xì)講解一:定義及相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ)1.定語(yǔ)從句:修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。2.先行詞:被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。3.關(guān)系詞:引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。???關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that,?which,?who,?whom,?whose,?as等;關(guān)系副詞有when,?where,?why等。?關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個(gè)作用:A、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句;B、代替先行詞;C、在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。例如:?The?man?who?is?shaking?hands?with?my?father?is?a?policeman.??該句中,wh
2、o?is??shaking?hands?with?my?father?是定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞the?man,?“who”是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞,代替先行詞the?man,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。二:限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句形式上:不用逗號(hào)“,”與主句隔開(kāi)。意義上:是先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ),如刪除,主句則失去意義或意思表達(dá)不完整。譯法上:譯成先行詞的定語(yǔ):“...的”關(guān)系詞的使用上:A.作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略B.可用thatC.可用who?代替whom非限制性定語(yǔ)從句形式上:用逗號(hào)“,”與主句隔開(kāi)。意義上:只是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,如刪除,主句仍能表達(dá)完整的意思。譯法上:通常譯成主句的并列
3、句。關(guān)系詞的使用上:A.不可省略B.不用thatC.不可用who?代替whom限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例:The?teacher?told?me?that?Tom?was?the?only?person?that?I?could?depend?on.??老師告訴我說(shuō)湯姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例?:His?mother,?who?loves?him?very?much,?is?strict?with?him.??他媽媽十分地愛(ài)他,對(duì)他要求很嚴(yán)格。三:關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1.who??指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。The?boys?who?are?playing?football?are
4、?from?Class?One.????正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。That?is?the?teacher?who?teaches?us?physics.????????那就是教我們物理的老師。2.whom??指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ),??墒÷?。?Mr?Liu?is?the?person?(?whom?)?you?talked?about?on?the?bus.??????劉先生就是你們?cè)诠财嚿险務(wù)摰哪莻€(gè)人。Li?Ming?is?just?the?boy?(?whom?)?I?want?to?see.??????李明正是我想要見(jiàn)的男孩。3.Which?指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)
5、常可省略。Football?is?a?game?which?is?liked?by?most?boys.???足球是大多數(shù)男孩所喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)。The?factory?which?makes?computers?is?far?away?from?here.???制造計(jì)算機(jī)的那家公司離這兒很遠(yuǎn)。4.That?指人時(shí),相當(dāng)于who?或whom;指物時(shí),相當(dāng)于which.。在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常可省略。Where?is?the?man?that?/?whom?I?saw?this?morning????我今天早上看到的那個(gè)人在哪兒?The?person?that?/whom?you?int
6、roduced?to?me?is?very?kind.???你介紹給我的那個(gè)人很友好。5.Whose??通常指人,也可指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)。He?has?a?friend?whose?father?is?a?doctor.???他有一個(gè)爸爸當(dāng)醫(yī)生的朋友。I?once?lived?in?the?house?whose?roof?has?fallen?in.???我曾經(jīng)住在那幢屋頂已經(jīng)倒塌了的房子里。注意:指物時(shí),常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替:4The?classroom?whose?door?is?broken?will?soon?be?repaired.The?classroom?the?door?
7、of?which?is?broken?will?soon?be?repaired.Do?you?like?the?book?whose?cover?is?yellow?Do?you?like?the?book?the?cover?of?which?is?yellow???6as的用法:(as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ))①如為限制性的,多用于thesame…as;thesameas